Occurrence of organotin compounds in water and sediment in Canada

Maguire, R. James; Tkacz, Richard J.; Chau, Y. K.; Bengert, G. A.; Wong, Pak Chung

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(86)90020-2

Cited by 222 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Especially in the surface microlayer, dibutyltin and tributyltin were concentrated, occasionally by a factor of 104 relative to the subsurface water resulting in concentrations as high as 2600 and 60 p~g/liter, respectively. Therefore, at various sampling sites, the reported tributyltin levels approached or exceeded concentrations demonstrated to be lethal for sensitive aquatic species (Maguire et al, 1982(Maguire et al, , 1986Stebbing, 1985). In France and England, a falling in the oyster fisheries was noticed, which was correlated with the occurrence of tributyltin compounds in coastal waters.…”

Section: Growing Production and Concernmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Recently, organotin concentrations with varying intensity were determined in the United States (Hodge et al, 1979;Seligman et al, 1986), Canada (Maguire et al, 1982(Maguire et al, , 1986, France (Alzieu and Heral, 1984), Turkey (Tugrul et al, 1983), Switzerland (Mueller, 1984), and the United Kingdom (Cleary and Stebbing, 1985). In general, butyltin concentrations seemed to depend on boating activity and tidal influence.…”

Section: Growing Production and Concernmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological activity of organotin compounds—An overview

Snoeij

Penninks

Seinen

1987

Environmental Research

345

131

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As a consequence of the rapid expansion of the uses and applications of the organotin compounds, the concern about their environmental and health effects is increasing. The main subject of this overview is the current understanding of the mammalian toxicity of the organotin compounds. Four different types of target organ toxicity, namely neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and cutaneous toxicity, are discussed in more detail. The effects of the organotin compounds on the mitochondfial and cellular level are summarized and discussed in relation to the mode of action of these compounds on the central nervous system, the liver and bile duct, the immune system, and the skin. © 1987 Academic Press, Inc. ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS: APPLICATIONS AND TOXICITY Organotin CompoundsTin can be present as an element in a wide variety of both inorganic and organometallic compounds. Organometallic tin compounds or organotins are characterized by the presence of at least one covalent carbon-tin bond. Although tin may exist either in the Sn 2+ or in the Sn 4+ oxidation state, almost all organotins have a tetravalent structure. Depending on the number of organic moieties, the organotin compounds are classified as mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraorganotins. In compounds of industrial importance, methyl, butyl, octyl, and phenyl groups form the organic substituents, while the anion is usually chloride, fluoride, oxide, hydroxide, carboxylate, or thiolate. All alkyltin compounds refered to in this article contain unbranched saturated hydrocarbon side chains (n-alkyltins).

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Section: Growing Production and Concernmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Growing Production and Concernmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological activity of organotin compounds—An overview

Snoeij

Penninks

Seinen

1987

Environmental Research

345

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Thus, for sample 21 (site 11), [DBT] in the microlayer is 31 times the highest summer concentration of the species in the water column at Msida Creek; microlayer [TBT] in sample 24 from the same site is 5 times the highest winter aquatic concentration measured in the same area. One expects to find enhancement of lipophilic organotins in the hydrophobic microlayer and this effect has indeed been observed in samples collected from the Atlantic ocean and Canadian lakes [26][27][28]. Also, in the microlayer, the physical conditions and microbiological activity are known to be conducive towards the effective degradation of TBT into its metabolites [20].…”

Section: Butyltin Species In the Surface Microlayermentioning

confidence: 99%

Organotin pollution in Malta coastal zone

Vella

Mintoff

Axiak

et al. 1998

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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The speciation of organotins in seawater, surface microlayer and sediments in the marine environment of Malta is described. Concentrations of tributyltin (TBT) in bulk seawater inside the harbours were as high as 0.3 μg Sn L -1 but were below detection limits (5 ng Sn L -1 ) in open sea, 1.6 km offshore. In sediments, TBT levels were highest for the yacht marinas and ranged between 0.03 and 1.5 ug Sn g -1 . Dibutyltin is more common in the surface microlayer than TBT. Diphenyl and monophenyltin were found infrequently in bulk seawater and in sediments. Tetrasubstituted organotins, namely, Me n Bu (4 _ n) Sn, where n = 1, 2, and 3, were found frequently in TBT-contaminated sediments (0.1-9μg Sng -1 ), in seawater and in the microlayer where concentrations as high as 140 μg Sn L -1 (Me 3 BuSn) were measured. Direct environmental methylation of TBT and that of its debutylated analogues may play a significant role in the geochemical cycling of tin under certain environmental conditions.

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“…Even after the restriction of its uses, TBT deposited in sediments remains an important exposure source for marine biota many years to come due to its relative stability under anoxic sediment conditions [4,10,11]. The bioaccumulation of TBT and its metabolites (dibutyltin and monobutyltin) in food chains and food products has lately attracted a considerable attention on human health effects [3,15,17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…65(12): 1331-1335, 2003 Tributyltin (TBT) has been widely used as a biocide in such applications as antifouling paints of boat and for other purposes, until its use restricted in 1980's after discovery of severe damage on aquatic ecosystem caused by the agent [4,11,16]. Even after the restriction of its uses, TBT deposited in sediments remains an important exposure source for marine biota many years to come due to its relative stability under anoxic sediment conditions [4,10,11]. The bioaccumulation of TBT and its metabolites (dibutyltin and monobutyltin) in food chains and food products has lately attracted a considerable attention on human health effects [3,15,17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spermatogenetic Disorders in Adult Rats Exposed to Tributyltin Chloride during Puberty

Lee

Nam

et al. 2003

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Adverse effects of tributyltin (TBT) chloride were investigated on the reproductive system in male adult rats as exposed during puberty. Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats at the age of 35 days were assigned to five different groups: negative control receiving vehicle, methyltestosterone (10 mg/kg B.W.), and TBT chloride treatments (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg B.W.). Animals were treated by oral gavage for ten consecutive days and sacrificed at 5 weeks after final treatment. The treatment of TBT chloride at the high dose of 20 mg/kg B. W. significantly decreased homogenization-resistant testicular sperm counts (p<0.05). The TBT chloride treatment at the doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg B.W. also significantly decreased caudal epididymal sperm counts (p<0.01). Some of motion kinematic parameters (motility, mean angular displacement, lateral head displacement, and dance) of sperms retrieved from vasa deference were significantly decreased in rats treated with the TBT chloride at the dose of 20 mg/kg B.W. (p<0.05). These results provide a further evidence that an exposure to TBT chloride during pubertal period in male rats produces spermatogenic disorders characterized by decreasing testicular and epididymal sperm counts and some motion parameters of sperms in the vasa deference. KEY WORDS: epididymis, sperm count, sperm motility, testis, tributyltin chloride.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 65(12): 1331-1335, 2003 Tributyltin (TBT) has been widely used as a biocide in such applications as antifouling paints of boat and for other purposes, until its use restricted in 1980's after discovery of severe damage on aquatic ecosystem caused by the agent [4,11,16]. Even after the restriction of its uses, TBT deposited in sediments remains an important exposure source for marine biota many years to come due to its relative stability under anoxic sediment conditions [4,10,11]. The bioaccumulation of TBT and its metabolites (dibutyltin and monobutyltin) in food chains and food products has lately attracted a considerable attention on human health effects [3,15,17]. Though the levels of TBT compounds were not sufficiently high to have adverse effects on human health, a possible exposure of humans to TBT compounds aroused a great concern about their toxic potential [17].A variety of reproductive toxicities of TBT compounds have been reported in rats [1,2,6,7,12,13]. The exposure of TBT chloride during preimplantation period produced early embryo loss and implantation failure in rats [6,7]. In addition, TBT chloride exposure during pregnancy has been associated with increased incidence of fetuses with cleft palate and induced fetal reabsorption in rats [1,2]. In the study of two-generation reproductive toxicity in the rat, decreases in body weight and sex organ weights were pronounced, and sperm counts of testis and cauda epididymis were also decreased in F1 and F2 neonates [12,13].In our previous report, TBT treatment in male rats during puberty decreased the weights of prostate and seminal vesicle, and increased detached debris and some sloughed cells rega...

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Occurrence of organotin compounds in water and sediment in Canada

Cited by 222 publications

References 27 publications

Biological activity of organotin compounds—An overview

Biological activity of organotin compounds—An overview

Organotin pollution in Malta coastal zone

Spermatogenetic Disorders in Adult Rats Exposed to Tributyltin Chloride during Puberty

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