Occurrence of organotin compounds in house dust in Berlin (Germany)

Fromme, Hermann; Mattulat, A.; Lahrz, T.; Rüden, H.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.09.092

Cited by 71 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In Table 2, we compare our data with that of Santillo et al 7,8 and Fromme et al, 9 who analysed house dust in European homes for organotins. Table 2 also shows ranges and median values for all samples collected in this work and, separately, that for the sub-set taken from within 3 km of Grand Harbour.…”

Section: Distribution Of Organotins In Urban Dustmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…For a child with a body mass of 20 kg living in Senglea, dust ingestion could contribute about 85% of TDI, which is a very considerable amount with a very narrow margin of safety. These estimated doses do not include any organotin contributions from food and other sources, especially indoor sources 9 related to PVC tiling, plastic ware, biocide-treated carpets and so on, which would further narrow the margin of safety.…”

Section: Toxicological Risk From Butyltin-contaminated Dustmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Contamination of outdoor settled dust by butyltins in Malta

Decelis

Vella

2007

Applied Organom Chemis

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The presence of compounds of tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) was determined in outdoor settled dust collected from several sites on the island of Malta, mainly from flat rooftops of school buildings. The dust was separated into three size fractions with diameters (µm) >250, 125-250 and <125, and the two finer fractions were analysed for butyltins using extraction with glacial acetic acid followed by derivatization/solvent extraction with sodium tetraethylborate in the presence of iso-octane and quantitation by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. The presence of TBT, DBT and MBT was established in most of the samples and TBT concentrations varied from non-detectable (<5 ng Sn g −1 ) to highs of 15.5 and 18.7 µg Sn g −1 in Senglea and Marsaxlokk. TBT was generally found at concentrations significantly higher than reported hitherto in house dust collected from European homes. The geographical distribution of total organotins in both dust fractions suggests that TBT originates mainly from antifouling marine paint residues which contaminate the urban environment when ships' hulls are sand-or hydro-blasted during maintenance and repair at the drydocks facility in Grand Harbour. Other significant sources of TBT are located at Marsaxlokk fishing port and Wied iż-Żurrieq creek, both hosting sizeable communities of fishermen and leisure boating. The data also suggest that the municipal solid waste landfill at Maghtab is an inland source of butyltins. We suggest that dust containing harmful butyltins could possibly be ingested to expose humans to a risk which is probably of concern especially for young children living close to the hotspots of contamination.

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Section: Distribution Of Organotins In Urban Dustmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Toxicological Risk From Butyltin-contaminated Dustmentioning

confidence: 98%

Contamination of outdoor settled dust by butyltins in Malta

Decelis

Vella

2007

Applied Organom Chemis

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“…Meanwhile, the detection of trisubstituted alkyltins, TBT and TOT, in ASR is unsurprising because their detection has been reported in other plastic materials and even in house dust with apparently higher concentrations of DBT and DOT. 24,25 Therefore, TBT and TOT may be included in alkyltin-based stabilizers and/or catalysts as byproducts. Disubstituted DBT and DOT were detected in the exhaust gas sampled at the outlet of the combustion chamber and the gas cooler.…”

Section: Concentrations and Behavior Of Dioxin-related Compounds And mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brominated flame retardants and heavy metals in automobile shredder residue (ASR) and their behavior in the melting process

Osada

Tanigaki

Takahashi

et al. 2008

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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The End-of-life Vehicles Recycling Act went into effect on January 1, 2005, in Japan and requires the proper treatment of airbags, chlorofl uorocarbons (CFCs), and automobile shredder residue (ASR). The need for optimal treatment and recycling of ASR, in particular, has been increasing year after year because ASR is regarded as being diffi cult to treat. Dioxin-related compounds, brominated fl ame retardants (BFRs), heavy metals, chlorine and organotin compounds are all present in high concentrations in ASR. The authors conducted ASR melting treatment tests using a 10-tons/day-scale direct melting system (DMS), which employs shaft-type gasifi cation and melting technology. The results obtained showed that dioxin-related compounds and BFRs were decomposed by this melting treatment. The high-temperature reducing atmosphere in the melting furnace moved volatile heavy metals such as lead and zinc into the fl y ash where they were distributed at a rate of more than 90% of the input amount. This treatment was also found to be effective in the decomposition of organotin, with a rate of decomposition higher than 99.996% of the input amount. Via the recovery of heavy metals concentrated in the fl y ash, all the products discharged from this treatment system were utilized effectively for the complete realization of an ASR recycling system that requires no fi nal disposal sites.Key words Direct melting system (DMS) · ASR · Brominated fl ame retardants · Heavy metal J Mater Cycles Waste Manag (2008) 10:93-101

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“…16 Organotins are readily measurable in house dust. 17, 18 Significant human exposure is indicated by the presence of organotins in liver, milk and blood (0.05–400 nM). 19–23 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tributyltin Engages Multiple Nuclear Receptor Pathways and Suppresses Osteogenesis in Bone Marrow Multipotent Stromal Cells

Baker

Watt

Huang

et al. 2015

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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Organotins are members of the environmental obesogen class of contaminants because they activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), the essential regulator of adipogenesis. Exposure to thiazolidinediones, PPARγ ligands used to treat type 2 diabetes, is associated with increased fractures. Diminished bone quality likely results from PPARγ’s role in promoting adipogenesis while suppressing osteogenesis of bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC). We hypothesized that tributyltin (TBT) would be a potent modifier of BM-MSC differentiation and a negative regulator of bone formation. Organotins interact with both PPARγ and retinoid X receptors (RXR) suggesting that they activate multiple nuclear receptor pathways. To investigate the role of RXR in the actions of TBT, the effects of PPARγ (rosiglitazone) and RXR (bexarotene, LG100268) agonists were compared to the effects of TBT in BMS2 cells and primary mouse BM-MSC cultures. In BMS2 cells, TBT induced the expression of Fabp4, Abca1 and Tgm2 in an RXR-dependent manner. All agonists suppressed osteogenesis in primary mouse BM-MSC cultures, based on decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization and expression of osteoblast-related genes. While rosiglitazone and TBT strongly activated adipogenesis, based on lipid accumulation and expression of adipocyte-related genes, the RXR agonists did not. Extending these analyses to other RXR-heterodimers showed that TBT and the RXR agonists activated the liver X receptor pathway, while rosiglitazone did not. Application of either a PPARγ antagonist (T0070907) or an RXR antagonist (HX531) significantly reduced rosiglitazone-induced suppression of bone nodule formation. Only the RXR antagonist significantly reduced LG100268- and TBT-induced bone suppression. The RXR antagonist also inhibited LG100268- and TBT-induced expression of Abca1, an LXR target gene, in primary BM-MSC cultures. These results provide novel evidence that TBT activates multiple nuclear receptor pathways in BM-MSCs, activation of RXR is sufficient to suppress osteogenesis, and TBT suppresses osteogenesis largely through its direct interaction with RXR.

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Occurrence of organotin compounds in house dust in Berlin (Germany)

Cited by 71 publications

References 9 publications

Contamination of outdoor settled dust by butyltins in Malta

Contamination of outdoor settled dust by butyltins in Malta

Brominated flame retardants and heavy metals in automobile shredder residue (ASR) and their behavior in the melting process

Tributyltin Engages Multiple Nuclear Receptor Pathways and Suppresses Osteogenesis in Bone Marrow Multipotent Stromal Cells

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