Occurrence of organochlorines (PCBs, pesticides) and herbicides (triazines, phenylureas) in the atmosphere and in the fallout from urban and rural stations of the Paris area

Chevreuil, Marc; Garmouma, Mourad; Teil, Marie-Jeanne; Chestérikoff, A.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(95)05032-9

Cited by 78 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The filtered water samples were analyzed by mixing 25 ml of water with 1 ml of concentrated HNO 3 according to the method of Chevreuil et al, (1996) and Saad El-Din (2006). The concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in water were measured by Atomic Absorbance Spectrometer (AAS), Analysis Unit of Agricultural Sectors, Faculty of Agriculture.…”

Section: Determination Of Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Heavy Metals Contamination on Spring Abundance of Aquatic Macro-Invertebrates Inhabiting Lake Timsah, Egypt

El-Din

El-Hak

2017

Journal of Water Security

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Abstract. Lake Timsah, Egypt receives several kinds of pollutants coming from domestic sewage of unconnected areas adjoining the shore and possibly marine pollution. During the last decades heavy metals have become common contaminants of aquatic and wetland environments throughout the world because of human activity and technological development. Increasing attention has been given during the last decade to the protection of marine and freshwater aquatic environment against pollution, both nationally and internationally. Macro-benthoses are the most commonly organisms used as bio-indicators water quality assessment. All of the aquatic macro-invertebrates that were collected from El-Taween station, Lake Timsah, Egypt fell into three major groups that were fairly easy to identify. They were annelids (Polychaeta and Oligochaeta), molluscs (Bivalvia and Gastropoda) and arthropods (Crustacea). The small sized crustacean Sphaeroma. serratum are considered suitable species for aquatic bio-monitoring because they hold an important position in the aquatic food chain responds to many pollutants, easy to culture and has short life cycles. Iron was most important determinant; it appears in high concentrations in both water sample and the tissue of crustacean sample (S. serratum).

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Section: Determination Of Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Heavy Metals Contamination on Spring Abundance of Aquatic Macro-Invertebrates Inhabiting Lake Timsah, Egypt

El-Din

El-Hak

2017

Journal of Water Security

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“…However, the effectiveness of in-cloud scavenging should be many times higher and thus one would expect no dilution with precipitation. This has been borne out by Chevreuil et al [54] but not in other studies where the highest concentrations were found at the beginning of the rainfall event [49] or where higher concentrations were found when precipitation was low and vice versa [55].…”

Section: Deposition Of Pesticides From the Atmospherementioning

confidence: 70%

“…They are used in agriculture with the most significant use being in maize, as well as for industrial use such as roads and railway tracks. Monitoring results have shown that several members of this family, including atrazine, cyanazine, simazine and terbutylazine, may occur in rainwater and undergo medium range transport [6,50,54,141,142]. However, the largest number of monitoring results are available for atrazine.…”

Section: Monitoring Of Atrazine In Rainwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of the Long Range Transport of Pesticides in the Atmosphere

Unsworth¹,

Wauchope²,

Klein³

et al. 1999

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Since the 1960s there has been a growing body of data regarding the presence of pesticides in the atmosphere. The monitoring results obtained show that traces of pesticides may undergo long range transport and be deposited considerable distances away from the treatment areas, including remote areas such as the Arctic and Antarctic regions. Pesticides have been found in air, rain, cloud water, fog and snow. The appearance and subsequent behaviour of pesticides in the atmosphere are complex processes and the concentrations found depend on several variables such as their volatility, photostability, method of application and extent of use. Whilst volatility of pesticides can be linked to their Henry's Law constant this is very much a simplification since it is also influenced by the surfaces treated, e.g. soil or leaves, and by the extent to which aerosols are formed during the application. The disappearance of pesticides from the atmosphere is due to hydrolysis, indirect photolysis via OH ؒ radicals and to deposition in rain. Pesticides which are resistant to hydrolysis and photolysis can be transported over great distances, for example, organochlorine insecticides have been detected in the Arctic regions. In general, concentrations in rainwater are, when detected, in the low or sub g/L range and highest concentrations are found during the time of application. The use of fugacity models has been shown to be a useful approach to predict concentrations in air. Under most conditions the presence of pesticides in air, or rainwater, has no significant effects on nontarget systems, including direct and indirect effects. Exceptions to this are damage by auxintype herbicides to sensitive plants which has resulted on restrictions in their use in certain areas and transient chlorotic spotting thought to be caused by drift of aerosols from application of low rate sulfonyl urea herbicides. For animal species one possible exception has been postulated. This is for persistent organochlorine pesticides in Arctic regions where, due to the very oligotrophic nature of the Arctic ocean, they are more liable to bioaccumulate and be transported in the food web giving enhanced levels in mothers' milk. THE IUPAC COMMISSION ON AGROCHEMICALS AND THE ENVIRONMENT MAKES THE FOLLOWING RECOMMENDATIONSBased on the conclusions from this review, several recommendations for further areas of research are suggested. Since the factors governing the fate and behaviour of pesticides in the atmosphere are the same for any organic contaminant, whether from natural or anthropogenic sources, research studies on pesticides in air should be considered in the same way as any organic contaminant in the atmosphere.

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“…1) is characterized by a high population density, especially in the Parisian area, and intense agricultural activities. Water quality of the Seine hydrographical network is considerably affected by nutrient contamination and eutrophication (Garnier et al, 1995;Garnier and Billen, 2007;Billen et al, 2007) and present high levels of metallic (Meybeck et al, 2004Thévenot et al, 2007) and organic micropollutants (Chevreuil et al, 1996) contamination. Research was conducted for several years to estimate the level of faecal contamination of the Seine drainage network, to quantify the sources of microbial contamination and to study the fate of faecal micro-organisms in the rivers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling microbiological water quality in the Seine river drainage network: past, present and future situations

Servais

Billen

Gonçalves³

et al. 2007

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The Seine river watershed is characterized by a high population density and intense agricultural activities. Data show low microbiological water quality in the main rivers (Seine, Marne, Oise) of the watershed. Today, there is an increasing pressure from different social groups to restore microbiological water quality in order to both increase the safety of drinking water production and to restore the possible use of these rivers for bathing and rowing activities, as they were in the past. A model, appended to the hydro-ecological SENEQUE/Riverstrahler model describing the functioning of large river systems, was developed to describe the dynamics of faecal coliforms (FC), the most usual faecal contamination indicator. The model is able to calculate the distribution of FC concentrations in the whole drainage network resulting from land use and wastewater management in the watershed. The model was validated by comparing calculated FC concentrations with available field data for some well-documented situations in different river stretches of the Seine drainage network. Once validated, the model was used to test various predictive scenarios, as, for example, the impact of the modifications in wastewater treatment planned at the 2012 horizon in the Seine watershed in the scope of the implementation of the european water framework directive. The model was also used to investigate past situations. In particular, the variations of the microbiological water quality in the Parisian area due to population increase and modifications in wastewater management were estimated over the last century. It was shown that the present standards for bathing and other aquatic recreational activities are not met in the large tributaries upstream from Paris since the middle of the 1950's, and at least since the middle of the XIXth century in the main branch of the Seine river downstream from Paris. Efforts carried out for improving urban wastewaCorrespondence to: P. Servais (pservais@ulb.ac.be) ter treatment in terms or organic matter and nutrient loading resulted in a sensible reduction of microbiological contamination, but were not specific enough toward bacteriological contamination for achieving the objective of restoring levels compatible with bathing activities in the Parisian area.

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Occurrence of organochlorines (PCBs, pesticides) and herbicides (triazines, phenylureas) in the atmosphere and in the fallout from urban and rural stations of the Paris area

Cited by 78 publications

References 17 publications

Impact of Heavy Metals Contamination on Spring Abundance of Aquatic Macro-Invertebrates Inhabiting Lake Timsah, Egypt

Impact of Heavy Metals Contamination on Spring Abundance of Aquatic Macro-Invertebrates Inhabiting Lake Timsah, Egypt

Significance of the Long Range Transport of Pesticides in the Atmosphere

Modelling microbiological water quality in the Seine river drainage network: past, present and future situations

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