Occurrence of on-farm risk factors and health effects of mycotoxins in dairy farms in Jordan

Ismail, Zuhair Bani; Al-Nabulsi, Farah; Abu‐Basha, Ehab A.; Hananeh, Wael M.

doi:10.1007/s11250-019-02166-9

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Some reports (Charmley et al, 1993;Winkler et al, 2014;Ismail et al, 2020) showed that DMI and milk yield of dairy cattle were not affected by mycotoxin intake. Nevertheless, mouldy odour caused by fungi reduces feed intake and prolongs feeding times due to the sensitivity of cattle to the taste and smell of moulds (Klaric et al, 2009;Rodrigues, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of Milk Yield and Fertility Parameters in Holstein Dairy Cows Simultaneously Exposed to Zearalenone, Deoxynivalenol and Fumonisin B1 Mycotoxicity

2024

THE JAPS

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This study was planned to investigate the effect of zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and Fumonisin B1 (FB1) on blood metabolites, milk yield, estrous activity, pregnancy rate and uterine health in 486 heads of Holstein dairy cows. For this purpose, the data collected from the animals were divided into the four periods as follows: feeding with noncontaminated diet for 30 days (pre-contamination period), contaminated diet for 60 days (contamination period), contaminated diet supplemented with mycotoxin adsorbent for 30 days (adsorbent period) and the diet after removing the contaminated feedstuffs for 30 days (non-contamination period). Each feedstuff was analysed in contamination period and at the beginning of the non-contamination period to determine the presence or absence of ZEA, DON and FB1 in the diet. The blood metabolic profile was assessed in 21 animals in 1-10 days in milk, selected through cluster random sampling method while milk yield, estrous activity, pregnancy rate and prevalence of metritis/endometritis were compared among all four periods. The milk yield (P≤0.001) and milk fat (P≤0.05) in the contaminated period were low as compared to other periods. The concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyric acid (p≤0.001), non-esterified fatty acids (P≤0.05), gamma-glutamyl transferase (P≤0.05), and blood urea nitrogen (P≤0.001) parameters were significantly higher, while the glucose (P≤0.001) and triglycerides (P≤0.05) were lower in the contamination period, as compared to adsorbent and non-contamination periods. The pregnancy rate through artificial insemination decreased significantly during the contamination period (P≤0.05) as compared to pre-contamination period. The overall pregnancy rate in the pre-contamination period was also significantly decreased as compared to the adsorbent and non-contamination periods (P≤0.001). The percentage of type III anestrus were significantly lower during the non-contamination period (P≤0.05). The percentages of cows with metritis during the non-contamination period was significantly lower (p≤0.05) as compared to the contamination period. It was concluded that the routine feed analysis was necessary to determine the presence of ZEA, DON and FB1. Moreover, mycotoxin binder supplementation and/or removing contaminated feedstuffs from the diet under mycotoxicosis conditions may prevent the severe negative energy balance and improve the milk yield and fertility parameters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of Milk Yield and Fertility Parameters in Holstein Dairy Cows Simultaneously Exposed to Zearalenone, Deoxynivalenol and Fumonisin B1 Mycotoxicity

2024

THE JAPS

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“…In relation to the use of hay, various studies have determined that it is a feed where Aspergillus can grow, and therefore, the presence of AF can be found ( Tsiplakou et al ., 2014 ; Dhakal and Sbar, 2020 ). In several studies, alfalfa hay has presented AFB1 at levels higher than the maximum limit allowed by the European Union ( Sugiyama et al ., 2008 ; Bani Ismail et al ., 2020 ; Rodríguez-Blanco et al ., 2020 ). In the case of Ecuador, the most used ingredients were Alfalfa and Raygrass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AFB1 and AFM1 can cause grave danger to public health, as they can cause kidney and liver damage, and liver, lung, and colon cancer ( Marchese et al ., 2018 ; Li et al ., 2019 ; Saha Turna and Wu, 2019 ). These contaminants and their effects also alter dairy cows’ health, reproduction, and production ( Kosicki et al ., 2016 ; Jiang et al ., 2019 , 2020 ; Bani Ismail et al ., 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Aflatoxin B1-related risk factors for the presence of Aflatoxin M1 in raw milk of cows from Ecuador

Puga-Torres¹,

Ron²,

Gómez³

2022

Open Vet J

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Background: Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is hepatotoxic and carcinogenic, and it may be present in milk due to dairy cow’s ingestion when feed is contaminated with Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Aim: The objective of this research was to determine the potential risk factors of dietary AFB1 contamination in dairy cows, which causes AFM1 contamination of the raw milk, through an epidemiological survey and statistical analysis. Methods: 209 raw milk samples were collected, and AFM1 concentrations were detected by lateral flow immunochromatographic assay. Results: It was determined that 100% of the samples contained concerning levels of this mycotoxin with a mean of 0.077 μg/kg, which exceeds the maximum allowed by the European Union legislations (0.05 μg/kg) but not Ecuadorian Regulations (0.5 μg/kg). An adjustment to a linear model by weighted least squares was used to correct the presented heteroscedasticity. Potential risk factors for dietary AFB1 contamination were analyzed in relation to the appearance of AFM1 in milk from Ecuador. Among factors including legumes consumption, the use of silage, type of production system (intensive, extensive, and mixed), and farm size (small, medium, and big), the intensive production system and the big producers presented higher levels of AFM1. Conclusion: Considering that all the milk samples presented AFM1 and since there is no specific feed determined to be a risk factor, it was concluded that any of the feed offered to dairy cows may be contaminated with AFB1. It is necessary to reduce AFB1 levels in feed by implementing good agricultural practices and improving feed storage to decrease milk AFM1 levels. This study identified that intensive systems have a lot of animals, and silage is incorporated into the diet, which can significantly increase AFM1 levels.

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“…Therefore, it is necessary to take appropriate measures to reduce risks to human and animal health [51,52]. Because mycotoxins present in raw milk are very stable and heat treatments, such as pasteurization, cannot remove them [53], it is only useful with high temperatures between 237°C and 306°C (but the organoleptic characteristics of milk are lost).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of zearalenone in raw milk from different provinces of Ecuador

et al. 2021

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Background and Aim: Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin from the fungus Fusarium. ZEA can adopt a similar configuration to 17β-estradiol and other natural estrogens. Problems in the reproductive function of humans and animals have been reported for ZEA and its metabolites. This study aimed to determine ZEA in raw milk produced in representative milk production areas in Ecuador. Materials and Methods: A total of 209 samples were obtained in April and November 2019 (rainy season) and June and August 2019 (dry season). A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was used to detect ZEA concentrations. Results: ZEA was determined in 99.5% (208 of 209) of the samples; however, all samples were below the maximum limits allowed (0.03-1 mg/L) in food for direct human consumption according to the Food and Agriculture Organization and European legislations. The mean (range) concentration was 0.0015 (0-0.0102) mg/L. The results did not vary significantly (p≥0.05) by cantons, provinces, weather, climate regions, types of producers, and production systems according to Wilcoxon and Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric tests. There were significant differences only between the months under study (p≤0.05). Conclusion: ZEA in raw milk from Ecuador does not represent a threat to public health. However, it is recommended to continue analyzing ZEA due to its presence in milk. It could also be present with other mycotoxins that cause harmful synergistic and additive effects to consumers.

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Occurrence of on-farm risk factors and health effects of mycotoxins in dairy farms in Jordan

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Fate of Milk Yield and Fertility Parameters in Holstein Dairy Cows Simultaneously Exposed to Zearalenone, Deoxynivalenol and Fumonisin B1 Mycotoxicity

Fate of Milk Yield and Fertility Parameters in Holstein Dairy Cows Simultaneously Exposed to Zearalenone, Deoxynivalenol and Fumonisin B1 Mycotoxicity

Dietary Aflatoxin B1-related risk factors for the presence of Aflatoxin M1 in raw milk of cows from Ecuador

Determination of zearalenone in raw milk from different provinces of Ecuador

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