Occurrence of oligosaccharides in feces of breast-fed babies in their first six months of life and the corresponding breast milk

Current methods for the analysis of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and their novel applications

“…Capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fl uorescence coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-LIF-MS) of 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (APTS)-labeled milk oligosaccharides has been reported to be effi cient for the analysis of HMOs. [61][62][63] Labeling of HMO with APTS introduces a fl uorophore, which allows LIF detection, while simultaneously adding the negative charge needed for the separation. Offl ine CE-LIF provided good separation using very fast runs (around 9 minutes), but both resolution and separation time are usually compromised when coupling CE to mass spectrometry.…”

“…Indeed, several papers now report on the benefi cial effects of α 1-2-linked fucose on E. coli infection and the associated incidence of diarrhea. 31,78,79 More recently, several studies directed towards the associations of HMO profi les with Lewis blood type have been conducted, 9,12,16,28,45,47,52,62,76,77,[80][81][82][83] and it has been reported more than once that not only secretor status, but also Lewis blood type, can be determined using HMO profi les. In several studies, however, samples were discarded if their HMO profi les did not fi t the Lewis blood type as determined by hemagglutination or saliva tests.…”

Analysis and role of oligosaccharides in milk

“…CE with laser-induced fluorescence coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-LIF-MS) is effective for derivatized HMO. Labeling with 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (APTS) introduces a fluorophore for the LIF detection, while simultaneously adding negative charge needed for the separation (49)(50)(51). However although good separation can be achieved using offline CE-LIF using very fast runs (around 9 minutes), both resolution and separation time have to be compromised when coupling CE to mass spectrometry (52).…”

Advances in Fractionation and Analysis of Milk Carbohydrates

“…Baross et al [43] determined the lactose in milk and milk products by CE with indirect UV detection. More recently, HMOs have been detected by single CE with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) [42,44] or additionally coupled online with MS [45][46][47]. Labeling of HMO with 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid introduces a fluorophore for the LIF detection, simultaneously adding the negative charge needed for the separation.…”