Occurrence of Occult Bacteriuria in Healthy Cats

Eggertsdóttir, Anna V; Sævik, Bente K.; Halvorsen, Ingvild; Sørum, Henning

doi:10.1016/j.jfms.2011.07.004

Cited by 32 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A wide range of prevalence rates for subclinical bacteriuria has been reported in cats, varying from low rates of <1.0%‐3.3%, 12,34,35 to intermediate rates of 6.1, 7.9, and 10%‐13%, 26,27,36 to a high rate of 28.8% 11 . The main difference in these studies was the age of the cats, which tended to be younger in the studies with lower prevalence rates 12,34,35 and older in the studies with prevalence rates >6% 11,26,36 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, none of the reported studies 5,6,10 suggesting hyperthyroidism as a risk factor for subclinical bacteriuria examined the prevalence of subclinical bacteriuria in a similarly aged, control population of euthyroid cats. Because age is a risk factor for subclinical bacteriuria, 3,11,12 the effect of hyperthyroidism (95% of which occurs in cats >9 years old 13 ) on development of subclinical bacteriuria requires an appropriate control group to eliminate the confounding effect of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hyperthyroidism is not a risk factor for subclinical bacteriuria in cats: A prospective cohort study

Peterson

Soboroff³

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Subclinical bacteriuria is defined as a positive bacterial urine culture in the absence of clinical evidence of urinary tract infection (UTI). Studies have reported that hyperthyroid cats have UTIs (mostly subclinical) with prevalence rates of 12%-22%. Consequently, clinicians consider hyperthyroidism a risk factor for development of subclinical bacteriuria, and many recommend urine culture when evaluating hyperthyroid cats.Objectives: To compare the prevalence of subclinical bacteriuria (based on positive urine culture) in untreated hyperthyroid cats to that in euthyroid cats of similar age and sex.Animals: Three hundred and ninety-three hyperthyroid cats presented for radioiodine treatment and 131 euthyroid cats (≥7 years of age) presented for routine examination. Cats with signs of lower urinary tract disease were excluded.Methods: Prospective cohort study. Both hyperthyroid and euthyroid cats had urine collected by cystocentesis for complete urinalysis and culture. Data pertaining to age, sex, body condition, and serum thyroxine and creatinine concentrations also were acquired. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate for potential risk factors for subclinical bacteriuria.Results: Hyperthyroid cats showed a low prevalence of subclinical bacteriuria (4.3%), which did not differ from that found in euthyroid cats (4.6%). Of the signalment factors evaluated, only female sex was a significant risk factor (odds ratio [OR], 6.9; P = .002). Furthermore, positive urine cultures were more likely in specimens with dilute urine concentration (<1.035), pyuria, or microscopic bacteriuria.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Hyperthyroid cats are not at risk for subclinical bacteriuria. In the absence of lower urinary tract signs, no clinical benefit exists in routinely performing urine cultures when evaluating hyperthyroid cats. K E Y W O R D S feline, hematuria, pyuria, subclinical bacteriuria, urinary tract infection, urine culture Abbreviations: cTSH, canine TSH; IQR, interquartile range; SDMA, serum symmetric dimethylarginine; T 4 , thyroxine; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone; UTI, urinary tract infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperthyroidism is not a risk factor for subclinical bacteriuria in cats: A prospective cohort study

Peterson

Soboroff³

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Despite this apparent limitation, the study size is consistent with several similar studies in humans [20][21][22][23] and other veterinary studies investigating urinary tract infections. 7,9,[31][32][33][34] This requirement of up to 2 mL of additional urine in order to perform the Uriscreen test has the potential to be problematic in pollakiuric patients, and may limit its use in this population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Catalase‐Based Urine Test for the Detection of Urinary Tract Infection in Dogs and Cats

Kvitko-White

Cook

Nabity

et al. 2013

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Bacterial infection of the urinary tract is a common disorder in dogs and cats. Although microscopic examination of urine sediment is routinely used to screen for infection, this test can lack sensitivity or require expertise. A reliable in‐clinic screening test would be a useful adjunct for the identification of dogs and cats with bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI). Hypothesis That a catalase‐based urine test (Accutest Uriscreen™) is a more sensitive screening test for UTI in dogs and cats than urine microscopic sediment examination. Animals One hundred and sixty client‐owned dogs and cats. Methods Surplus urine from animals presented to a veterinary teaching hospital was used in this prospective observational study. A routine urinalysis, aerobic bacterial culture, and the Uriscreen test were performed on cystocentesis samples. Sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals and positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated for Uriscreen and microscopic sediment examination using culture results as the gold standard. Results Bacterial culture was positive in 27/165 (16.4%) samples. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios for the Uriscreen were 89%, 71%, 3.0, and 0.15, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios for urine sediment microscopic examination were 78%, 90%, 7.8, and 0.24, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The Uriscreen is a more sensitive screening test for UTI in dogs and cats than sediment examination; however, the urine sediment examination was more specific. A negative Uriscreen result helps exclude UTI; however, urine bacterial culture is still necessary to exclude or confirm UTI in all cases.

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“…In German, Swiss and Norwegian studies, bacterial infections of the urinary tract accounted for up to 20% of FLUTD cases (Gerber et al 2005;Eggertsdottir et al 2011;Saevik et al 2011;Dorsch et al 2014). The prevalence of FLUTD was considerably lower in the work of Kruger et al (1991) and Lekcharoensuk et al (2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of clinical signs and causes of lower urinary tract disease in Polish cats

Lew-Kojrys¹,

́²,

Snarska³

et al. 2017

Vet. Med. - Czech

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This paper describes the results of a retrospective study performed on 385 cats with feline lower urinary tract disease. The study was conducted to obtain epidemiological data and to evaluate clinical symptoms and the results of laboratory tests in a population of Polish cats with symptoms of lower urinary tract disease. The analysed population comprised feline patients of the veterinary clinic at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn who had not been treated prior to admission. Medical history was obtained for all patients. Urine samples were collected mostly, but not solely, by cystocentesis. Feline idiopathic cystitis was diagnosed in most cats (60.7%), while urinary tract infections were noted in only 7.8% of patients. Urethral obstruction caused by mucus plugs was observed in 17.4% of animals. Urolithiasis was observed in 13% of cats, 5% of whom were also diagnosed with urinary tract infections. Hyperplastic changes were identified in only 1% of the studied population. In 59% of cats, feline lower urinary tract disease was accompanied by urethral obstruction. Cats with feline idiopathic cystitis were the youngest animals in the analysed population, and the risk of urinary tract infections and neoplasia increased with age. Our results, obtained over a period of six years in a Polish feline population, show that sex, neutering, age, living conditions and diet influence the type of urinary tract disease, data which are consistent with those obtained in other countries.

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Occurrence of Occult Bacteriuria in Healthy Cats

Cited by 32 publications

References 16 publications

Hyperthyroidism is not a risk factor for subclinical bacteriuria in cats: A prospective cohort study

Hyperthyroidism is not a risk factor for subclinical bacteriuria in cats: A prospective cohort study

Evaluation of a Catalase‐Based Urine Test for the Detection of Urinary Tract Infection in Dogs and Cats

Evaluation of clinical signs and causes of lower urinary tract disease in Polish cats

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