Occurrence of New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase 1 ProducingEnterococcusSpecies in Oghara Water Nexus: An Emerging Environmental Implications of Resistance Dynamics

Abstract

Various members of the enteric bacteria in recent times are evolving diverse survival mechanisms for antibiotic therapy resulting in failure of treatment in infection and disease cases. The Enterococcus species are potential strains implicated in gastrointestinal tract infection and are recently evolving in the resistance mechanism. The study evaluates the occurrence of New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) amongst Enterococcus species using the phenotypic and genomic characterization of environmental strains in the Oghara water nexus. Presumptive isolates of Enterococcus species were retrieved from various sampled water sources and confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted on confirmed isolates using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion methods. The result reveals 63 genus isolates confirmed Enterococcus species, of which 42 (67%) were Enterococcus faecium, 15 (23%) were Enterococcus faecalis, and 6 (10%) were other Enterococcus species. Fourteen among the E. faecalis isolates show resistance to Ertapenem-EDTA, while 17 (44.8%) of the E. faecium show resistance to Ertapenem-EDTA to presumptively reveal their NDM-1 phenotype. The PCR detection of the NDM-1 gene further confirmed 23 (36.5%) isolates as positive genotypes amongst the isolates that previously showed presumptive NDM-1 phenotype. It was also observed that 10 (15.9%) of Enterococcus faecium members harbored the NDM-1 genotype, whereas 8 (12.7%) members of the Enterococcus faecalis harbored the NDM-1 genotype. The observation of such resistance determinants necessitates a call for the adroit application of relevant therapeutics in the management of related infections and an environmental health caution to prevent the spread of such resistance potential enteric bacteria pathogens.

Genetic characterization of non-O1/non-O139 <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> mobilome: a strategy for understanding and discriminating emerging environmental bacterial strains

“…This indicates mobility of gene cassettes or mobilization of integron and loss/acquisition of multiple gene cassettes. It also infers that the isolates were promoters of MGEs activities and multiple antibiotic resistance emergence which corroborates the reports of Igere et al, 47 Banerjee et al, 10 Delavat et al, 48 and Touchon et al 49 It is suggestive that since these isolates harbor indices that promote MGEs activities, they may also promote evolutionary tendency, especially amongst environmental strains.…”

Antibiocompetent and bacteriocidal relevance of ascorbic acid on coliforms isolated from feces of apparently healthy students in Rivers Nigeria

“…Three strains of each test bacterial were placed on nutrient agar dishes, which were then kept at 37 °C for 24 hours. Using a meter rule, the zones of inhibition of the different test bacteria and the ascorbic acid contentrations were noted (Igere et al, 2022b).…”