Occurrence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract of benthic by–catches from an eastern Mediterranean deep–sea environment

High-mountain lakes as indicators of microplastic pollution: current and future perspectives

“…There was also great variability in MP abundance in the water samples. Free et al [44] and Xiong et al [57] found high levels of MPs (20,264 and 180,900 particles/km 2 , respectively). It should be noted, however, that both lakes are tourist campsites, which may explain their elevated MP pollution compared to the low values (5-8 particles/L) recorded by Malygina et al [65] in two remote lakes (Dzhulukul Lake and Talmetn Lake; Siberia, Russia) or the absence of particles in Dimon Lake (Carnic Alps, Italy) [13] .…”

“…Due to their low density, MPs are lifted into the upper layers of the atmosphere by wind currents, and then deposited by snowfall or rainfall in higher altitude habitats where they may pose environmental risks [43] . Microplastics can readily reach isolated ecosystems and propagate into terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems [44] . Through atmospheric transport and deposition, MPs have been found in such remote ecosystems as the polar regions of the Arctic [37] , the deepsea environment [45] , sea surfaces [46] , and glaciers [47][48][49] .…”

Acute toxicity of nanoplastics on Daphnia and Gammarus neonates: Effects of surface charge, heteroaggregation, and water properties

“…Microplastic contamination in food and fresh waters, such as table salt (Gündoğdu, 2018;Iñiguez et al, 2017;Yang and Nowack, 2020), drinking water treatment plants (Kirstein et al, 2021;Koelmans et al, 2019;Li et al, 2020;Negrete Velasco et al, 2022) have been systematically documented and investigated. Microplastic pollution is ubiquitous: from high-mountain lakes to deep-sea sediments (Esposito et al, 2022;Pastorino et al, 2022;Woodall et al, 2014), while nanoplastics as further degradation products of ageing microplastics (Enfrin et al, 2020;González-Pleiter et al, 2019;Li et al, 2020) have larger surface-to-volume ratio and higher surface reactivity. Even more concerning is that nanoplastics are probably wider distributed and more toxic than microplastics (Gaylarde et al, 2020;Hazeem et al, 2020;Khoshnamvand et al, 2021;Yan et al, 2021).…”

Contamination from microplastics and other anthropogenic particles in the digestive tracts of the commercial species Engraulis encrasicolus and Sardina pilchardus

“…The ubiquity of MPs in the marine environment, from the poles to the tropics and from the surface to the deep sediments of the oceans, has been demonstrated worldwide (Costa and Barletta, 2015;Cózar et al, 2014;Esposito et al, 2022;Jamieson et al, 2019;Peeken et al, 2018;Thompson et al, 2004;Woodall et al, 2014). Due to the high physical overlap of MPs and biota, they can be found at different levels of the food chain and in different functional groups (JPI Oceans, 2020).…”