Occurrence of Microplastics in Freshwater

Cera, Alessandra; Gallitelli, Luca; Cesarini, Giulia; Scalici, Massimiliano

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-89220-3_10

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…62 Plastic pollution in freshwater environments has been reported to be the source of numerous hazardous and ecologically harmful effects. 70,71 Diverse pollutant types released in a watershed primarily end up in reservoirs or downstream of a river because they are naturally located at lower elevations, namely terrains and valleys. 72 MPs are abundantly spread in freshwater streams and sediments, and their presence and effect on the local environment have gotten more attention during the last few years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the particle concentrations reported in freshwater investigations are inconsistent, especially because researchers have used different units and sampling methods for quantification 62 . Plastic pollution in freshwater environments has been reported to be the source of numerous hazardous and ecologically harmful effects 70,71 . Diverse pollutant types released in a watershed primarily end up in reservoirs or downstream of a river because they are naturally located at lower elevations, namely terrains and valleys 72 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on the ecotoxicological impacts of plastic pollution on the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia

Samadi

Kim

Lee

et al. 2022

Environmental Toxicology

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The environmental impacts of plastic pollution have recently attracted universal attention, especially in the aquatic environment. However, research has mostly been focused on marine ecosystems, even though freshwater ecosystems are equally if not more polluted by plastics. In addition, the mechanism and extent to which plastic pollution affects aquatic biota and the rates of transfer to organisms through food webs eventually reaching humans are poorly understood, especially considering leaching hazardous chemicals. Several studies have demonstrated extreme toxicity in freshwater organisms such Daphnia. When such keystone species are affected by ambient pollution, entire food webs are destabilized and biodiversity is threatened. The unremitting increase in plastic contaminants in freshwater environments would cause impairments in ecosystem functions and structure, leading to various kinds of negative ecological consequences. As various studies have reported the effects on daphnids, a consolidation of this literature is critical to discuss the limitations and knowledge gaps and to evaluate the risk posed to the aquatic environment. This review was undertaken due to the evident need to evaluate this threat. The aims were to provide a meaningful overview of the literature relevant to the potential impact of plastic pollution and associated contaminants on freshwater daphnids as primary consumers. A critical evaluation of research gaps and perspectives is conducted to provide a comprehensive risk assessment of microplastic as a hazard to aquatic environments. We outlined the challenges and limitations to microplastic research in hampering better‐focused investigations that could support the development of new plastic materials and/or establishment of new regulations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the ecotoxicological impacts of plastic pollution on the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia

Samadi

Kim

Lee

et al. 2022

Environmental Toxicology

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“…Studying MPs in gastropods can indicate MP contamination in freshwater systems. Additionally, it serves as a bioindicator of environmental pollutants because humans are the primary consumers in the food chain, raising awareness of microplastic pollution and food safety ( Azhari et al, 2022 ; Multisanti et al, 2022 ; Cera et al, 2022 ; Hu, Shen & Tang, 2022 ; Courtene-Jones et al, 2022 ). To date, there have been limited studies on MP contamination in freshwater gastropods living in rivers in tropical areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of microplastics in freshwater gastropods from a tropical river U-Taphao, southern Thailand

Jitkaew

Pradit

Noppradit

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Background Microplastics (MPs) are pollutants in rivers and marine environments. Rivers can be sources and sinks of MPs that enter the biota. Previous studies focusing on freshwater species are quite limited, especially for gastropods. Freshwater gastropods are essential to aquatic ecosystems because they are food to other aquatic animals, such as fish, shrimp, and crabs. They are a crucial link in the food chain between water resources and human food. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate MP accumulation in freshwater gastropods, commonly known as snails (Filopaludina sumatrensis speciosa and Pomacea canaliculata), in a river flowing into a shallow coastal lagoon. Method In this study, snail tissue samples were digested with 30% hydrogen peroxide. The mixture was heated at 60 °C for 24 h. MP particles were identified, counted, and characterized (shape, size, and color) by visual identification under a stereomicroscope. Furthermore, polymer-type identification was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for the statistical analysis. Results The MPs found were as follows: 4.76 particles/individual were found in F. sumatrensis speciosa upstream, 5.20 particles/individual were found in F. sumatrensis speciosa downstream, 7.28 particles/individual were found in P. canaliculata upstream, and 4.00 particles/individual were found in P. canaliculata downstream. It was found in the two-way ANOVA that the accumulation of MPs in gastropods was affected by species and study sites (upstream and downstream). There was a significant difference in the amount of MPs in P. canaliculata between upstream and downstream sites (p = 0.003). Fibers were the most common MPs in both species. Moreover, P. canaliculata upstream had the most significant amount of MPs. The smallest amount of MPs was recorded for P. canaliculata downstream, but there was great diversity in shape, size, and polymer type. MPs sized 500 μm–1 mm were the most common in both species. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed six polymers: poly (ethylene terephthalate), polypropylene, rayon, polyethyleneimine, polyamine, and poly (propylene: ethylene). The occurrence of MPs in gastropods is alarming for food security in Thailand. The results of this study can be used to support baseline data on MP accumulation among freshwater gastropods.

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“…The issue of microplastic pollution, regarding occurrence, source and possible impacts, has raised the interest of many scientists and its presence in the environment is well-documented [1][2][3][4][5][6]. These ubiquitous pollutants are widespread in freshwater, which can be affected by anthropogenic factors (e.g., proximity of urban centers, low efficiency of wastewater treatments plants (WWTPs), use of sewage debris for fields), while natural factors (e.g., wind, storms, floods) contribute to their dispersion in the aquatic environment [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics, Additives, and Plasticizers in Freshwater Bivalves: Preliminary Research of Biomonitoring

Cesarini

Corami

Rosso

et al. 2023

Water

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Microplastics are widespread in freshwater environments and could impact these ecosystems. Bivalves are freshwater organisms that are particularly exposed to microplastic contamination. Therefore, in this preliminary study, the accumulation of microplastics, plasticizers, and additives in the freshwater bivalves Anodonta cygnea was investigated through active biomonitoring. Specimens bought commercially were exposed in three rivers in Central Italy for different exposure times: short (1 month) and long (3 months). The gills and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) were analyzed separately to evaluate the possible uptake and ingestion of particles via Micro-FTIR. For the first time, small microplastics (SMPs, 5–100 µm), plasticizers, additives, and other micro-litter components, e.g., natural and non-plastic synthetic fibers (APFs), were identified in the bivalve A. cygnea. The most abundant polymer in the gills (94.4%) and in the GITs (66.1%) was polyamide, which had the highest concentration in each river. A decrease in SMPs’ abundance was observed over time in the gills in each river, while the abundance in the GIT increased. Compared to polymers, a greater variety of APFs was observed in rivers. The APFs changed during the time of exposure and between different rivers more evidently than polymers, allowing for a clearer identification of the possible sources. These results highlighted the plastic pollution caused by SMPs using freshwater bivalves as sentinel organisms and the need to further investigate the additives that can be proxies of the presence of microplastics in the environment and biota.

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Occurrence of Microplastics in Freshwater

Cited by 4 publications

References 152 publications

Review on the ecotoxicological impacts of plastic pollution on the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia

Review on the ecotoxicological impacts of plastic pollution on the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia

Occurrence of microplastics in freshwater gastropods from a tropical river U-Taphao, southern Thailand

Microplastics, Additives, and Plasticizers in Freshwater Bivalves: Preliminary Research of Biomonitoring

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