Occurrence of melatonin and indolic compounds derived from  -tryptophan yeast metabolism in fermented wort and commercial beers

Fernández-Cruz, Edwin; Carrasco-Galán, Fernando; Cerezo-López, Ana B.; Valero, Eva; Morcillo-Parra, María Ángeles; Beltran, Gemma; Torija, María-Jesús; Troncoso, Ana M.; García‐Parrilla, M. Carmen

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127192

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For this reason, the selection of the yeast strains to be used in beer fermentation is important because they affect the generation of melatonin and other indole compounds in different ways. 114 Although the melatonin levels found in beer are low, in a range of pg/mL to ng/mL, we highlight here that melatonin exerts its functions at physiological and pharmacological doses. This is because melatonin can exert its functions by crossing the lipid bilayer of cells and through the saturation of the MT1 and MT2 receptors, which implies that low doses of the melatonin can be sufficient, due to receptor affinities that are half saturated in the physiological range of circulating melatonin.…”

Section: Effects Of Nonalcoholic Beer On Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 77%

“…(b) Beer yeasts used in the fermentation process. For this reason, the selection of the yeast strains to be used in beer fermentation is important because they affect the generation of melatonin and other indole compounds in different ways 114 . Although the melatonin levels found in beer are low, in a range of pg/mL to ng/mL, we highlight here that melatonin exerts its functions at physiological and pharmacological doses.…”

Section: Effects Of Nonalcoholic Beer On Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 93%

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The melatonin contained in beer can provide health benefits, due to its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties

2022

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Beer is a fermented beverage with a low alcohol content originating from cereal fermentation (barley or wheat). It forms part of the diet for many people. It contains melatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine). Melatonin is a molecule with a wide range of antioxidant, oncostatic, immunomodulatory, and cytoprotective properties. The aim of this work was to review the data supporting the idea that a moderate consumption of beer, because of its melatonin content, is particularly useful in healthy diets and in other physiological situations (such as pregnancy, menopause, and old age). Data source: a) The MEDLINE /PubMed search was conducted from 1975 to April 2022, and b) Our own experience and published studies on melatonin, the immune system, and beer. We provide a review of research on the mechanisms of melatonin generation in beer, its concentrations, and its possible effects on health. The melatonin contained in beer, as part of a healthy diet and in some special physiological situations, could act as a protective factor and improve the quality of life of those who drink it in moderation. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Effects Of Nonalcoholic Beer On Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Effects Of Nonalcoholic Beer On Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 93%

The melatonin contained in beer can provide health benefits, due to its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties

2022

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“…These include primitive photosynthetic bacteria [95,170] as well as Eschericha coli [171]. Melatonin has been detected in unicellular eukaryotes [172,173] and high levels of melatonin are present in the wine, which is synthesized by yeast [174,175]. Moreover, AANAT has been identified in and also cloned from archaea [4].…”

Section: Melatonin Synthetic System Of the Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin: Both a Messenger of Darkness and a Participant in the Cellular Actions of Non-Visible Solar Radiation of Near Infrared Light

Tan

Reíter

Zimmerman

et al. 2023

Biology

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Throughout the history of melatonin research, almost exclusive focus has been on nocturnally-generated pineal melatonin production, which accounts for its circadian rhythm in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid; these light/dark melatonin cycles drive the daily and seasonal photoperiodic alterations in organismal physiology. Because pineal melatonin is produced and secreted primarily at night, it is referred to as the chemical expression of darkness. The importance of the other sources of melatonin has almost been ignored. Based on current evidence, there are at least four sources of melatonin in vertebrates that contribute to the whole-body melatonin pool. These include melatonin produced by (1) the pineal gland; (2) extrapineal cells, tissues, and organs; (3) the microbiota of the skin, mouth, nose, digestive tract, and vagina as well as (4) melatonin present in the diet. These multiple sources of melatonin exhibit differentially regulated mechanisms for its synthesis. Visible light striking the retina or an intense physical stimulus can suppress nocturnal pineal melatonin levels; in contrast, there are examples where extrapineal melatonin levels are increased during heavy exercise in daylight, which contains the whole range of NIR radiation. The cumulative impact of all cells producing augmented extrapineal melatonin is sufficient to elevate sweat concentrations, and potentially, if the exposure is sustained, to also increasing the circulating values. The transient increases in sweat and plasma melatonin support the premise that extrapineal melatonin has a production capacity that exceeds by far what can be produced by the pineal gland, and is used to maintain intercellular homeostasis and responds to rapid changes in ROS density. The potential regulatory mechanisms of near infrared light (NIR) on melatonin synthesis are discussed in detail herein. Combined with the discovery of high levels of melanopsin in most fat cells and their response to light further calls into question pineal centric theories. While the regulatory processes related to microbiota-derived melatonin are currently unknown, there does seem to be crosstalk between melatonin derived from the host and that originating from microbiota.

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“…In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , unlike in plants and animals, it seems that the biosynthesis of 5-hydroxytryptophan from tryptophan does not occur. Interestingly, several of the described stages appear to be reversible in S. cerevisiae , such as between 5-hydroxytryptophan and serotonin, N -acetylserotonin and melatonin, and 5-methoxytryptamine and melatonin [ 90 , 95 ], as detailed in Figure 2 . In Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SB-9 and Pseudomonas fluorescens RG11, 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, and N -acetylserotonin, but not tryptamine, were detected [ 85 , 86 ].…”

Section: Biosynthesis Of Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin from Microorganisms, Algae, and Plants as Possible Alternatives to Synthetic Melatonin

Arnao

Giraldo-Acosta²,

Castejón-Castillejo³

et al. 2023

Metabolites

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Melatonin dietary supplements are widely consumed worldwide, with developed countries as the largest consumers, with an estimated annual growth rate of approximately 10% until 2027, mainly in developing countries. The wide use of melatonin against sleep disorders and particular problems, such as jet lag, has been added to other applications, such as anti-aging, anti-stress, immune system activation, anticancer, and others, which have triggered its use, normally without a prescription. The chemical industry currently covers 100% of the needs of the melatonin market. Motivated by sectors with more natural consumption habits, a few years ago, the possibility of obtaining melatonin from plants, called phytomelatonin, arose. More recently, the pharmaceutical industry has developed genetically modified microorganisms whose ability to produce biological melatonin in bioreactors has been enhanced. This paper reviews the aspects of the chemical and biological synthesis of melatonin for human consumption, mainly as dietary supplements. The pros and cons of obtaining melatonin from microorganisms and phytomelatonin from plants and algae are analyzed, as well as the advantages of natural melatonin, avoiding unwanted chemical by-products from the chemical synthesis of melatonin. Finally, the economic and quality aspects of these new products, some of which are already marketed, are analyzed.

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Occurrence of melatonin and indolic compounds derived from -tryptophan yeast metabolism in fermented wort and commercial beers

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

The melatonin contained in beer can provide health benefits, due to its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties

The melatonin contained in beer can provide health benefits, due to its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties

Melatonin: Both a Messenger of Darkness and a Participant in the Cellular Actions of Non-Visible Solar Radiation of Near Infrared Light

Melatonin from Microorganisms, Algae, and Plants as Possible Alternatives to Synthetic Melatonin

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