Occurrence of Leishmania infection in the immediate geographic region of Ji-Paraná, Rondônia State, Brazil

Updating the knowledge of sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in Rondônia State, Brazil

“…Psathyromyia shannoni is reportedly widely distributed throughout the Americas, yet this has been refuted by evidence of misidentification (Sábio et al 2014). While some studies in Rondônia have reported the identification of this species (Martins et al 1965, Biancardi et al 1982, Azevedo et al 1993, Gil et al 2003, Gil et al 2009, it is likely that these reports could have corresponded to Psathyromyia bigeniculata, a species of the Shannoni series that has been identified by our group (Pereira Júnior et al 2019b, Leão et al 2020, Costa et al 2021b. Molecular studies suggest the possibility that this species belongs to a cryptic species complex (Florin et al 2011).…”

“…Psathyromyia runoides has been cited in seven studies in Rondônia (Martins et al 1965, Biancardi et al 1982, Gil et al 2003, Resadore et al 2017, Pereira Júnior et al 2019b, Torchitte et al 2020. A later study that evaluated morphological and molecular evidence suggested that all specimens, in fact, belonged to Psathyromyia pradobarrientosi, a species very similarly to P. runoides, leading these authors to speculate that P. runoides is not distributed in Rondônia (Costa et al 2021b).…”

“…The dominant vegetation is dense ombrophilous forest (Amazon tropical forest), yet Rondônia has experienced a decrease in vegetal cover over the last 40 years ( Fearnside 2014 ). Moreover, an increasing incidence of CL cases has been associated with anthropogenic activities conducted in or near forest environments ( Almeida et al 2021b ).…”

“…Sand flies are small dipteran insects mainly known for their role as vectors in the cycle of leishmaniasis transmission (Bates et al 2015). In light of this importance, efforts to learn more about these insects have led to increasing amounts of data on the diversity, ecology, biology and genetics of these insects (Bates et al 2015, Costa et al 2021b. Sandflies are a diverse species found worldwide, with approximately 1,050 species described; Brazil is home to the greatest number of species, with 286 classifications registered (Galati 2021).…”

“…Gil et al 2003, Pereira Júnior et al 2019a, Pereira Júnior et al 2019b, Silva et al 2021, Teles et al 2013 Marques, Guajará-Mirim, Itapuã do Oeste, Machadinho d'Oeste, Monte Negro, Porto Velho Notes:Azevedo et al 1993, Costa et al 2021b, Gil et al 2003, Leão et al 2020, Martins et al 1965, Pereira Júnior et al 2015, Silva et al 2021, Teles et al 2013 Buritis, Cacaulândia, Cacoal, Campo Novo, Costa Marques, Guajará-Mirim, Itapuã do Oeste, Ji-Paraná, Monte Negro, Nova Mamoré, Pimenta Bueno, Porto Velho, Vale do Anari Notes:Azevedo et al 1993, Costa et al 2021a, Galardo et al 2015, Gil et al 2003, Leão et al 2020, Martins et al 1965, Pereira Júnior et al 2019a, Pereira Júnior et al 2019b, Resadore et al 2017, Resadore et al 2018, Silva et al 2021, Teles et al 2013, Torchitte et al 2020 Costa et al 2021a, Galardo et al 2015, Gil et al 2003, Leão et al 2020, Martins et al 1965, Pereira Júnior et al 2019a, Pereira Júnior et al 2019b, Resadore et al 2017, Resadore et al 2018, Silva et al 2021, Teles et al 2013, Torchitte et al 2020 …”