Occurrence of leek yellow stripe virus and onion yellow dwarf virus from edible Allium plants in the south Marmara region of Turkey

Abstract

Among edible Allium plants (leek, onion, and garlic), leek yellow stripe (LYSV) and onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) are the most common viruses worldwide. While the presence of these two viruses in Turkey has previously been confirmed, only a few studies on their prevalence and genetic diversity have been performed. The aim of this study, conducted in the southern Marmara region of Turkey (SMR), was to identify the presence and genetic diversity of these viruses. Samples were collected from 494 plants exhibiting virus and virus-like symptoms. Samples were tested for the relevant viruses by doubleantibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively). Tests revealed the presence of OYDV in 95 samples and LYSV in 52, whereas 33 samples were observed to have a combined infection. To examine the genetic diversity, 10 isolates from each virus were chosen from the infected samples. Using RT-PCR, the complete coat protein (CP) gene for LYSV and a partial sequence region of the nuclear inclusion b + CP gene for OYDV were amplified, cloned, and sequenced from the selected isolates. The sequence data were compared with the isolates in GenBank; it was determined that SMR LYSV and OYDV isolates show similarities over 77% with world isolates at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the LYSV and OYDV isolates had some diversity with isolates from different parts of the world, and the host had an important role in the phylogenetic relationships, particularly for LYSV.

Current status and distribution of major RNA viruses infecting onion and garlic crops in Punjab, Pakistan

“…OYDV has wide host range including onion, garlic, leek and shallot make this virus as very destructive pathogen of fresh onion bulb that leads toward huge quantitative and qualitative losses, while high source of infection in onion seed production. OYDV have also found synergistic affects with other viruses of genera allexiviruses and carlaviruses known as garlic viral complex are detected in garlic (Winiarczyk et al, 2014;Khan et al, 2016;Tuzlali et al, 2021). More than 50 aphid species can transmit this virus which is one of the main strength for OYDV wide host range but Myzus persicae is the most active vectors (El-Wahab, 2009).…”

“…ELISA has been initially considered as sensitive and economical tool for the diagnosis of OYDV, IYSV and GarV-C in onion and garlic (Krauthausen et al, 2012;Santosa & Ertunc, 2020). RT-PCR has been known as more sensitive and efficient method for virus detection (Park et al, 2005;Pappu et al, 2008;Putri & Hidayat, 2020;Tuzlali et al, 2021) and in this study we use couple of tools to detect OYDV, IYSV and GarV-C with specie specific primer pairs for the extension of their Nib, CP, and NABP genes. The amplicons of desired fragment length were obtained from only ELISA positive samples.…”