Occurrence of <i>East African cassava mosaic Zanzibar virus</i> (EACMZV) in coastal Kenya

Bull, Simon E.; Karakacha, H. W.; Briddon, R. W.; Nzioki, Susan; Maruthi, M. N.; Stanley, John; Winter, Stephan

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2003.00900.x

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Each of the virus species and strains identified shows a distinct geographical distribution within Kenya. EACMZV is believed to have originated on the island of Zanzibar, which lies off the Tanzania coast, and introduced to coastal areas of Kenya via infected planting material (Bull et al, 2003;Maruthi et al, 2004). The virus is now prevalent in coastal districts of Kenya and also occurs in pockets inland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Representatives of only three begomovirus species have previously been reported from Kenya, namely ACMV, EACMV and EACMZV (Stanley & Gay, 1983;Bull et al, 2003;Were et al, 2004a, b). EACMV and the recombinant strain EACMV-UG have been identified in the east and west of the country, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EACMV and the recombinant strain EACMV-UG have been identified in the east and west of the country, respectively. EACMZV is a recently identified begomovirus species that is believed to have originated on the island of Zanzibar, but is now also found in coastal areas of Kenya (Bull et al, 2003;Maruthi et al, 2004). We have surveyed all major cassava-growing areas of Kenya to assess the current diversity and geographical distribution of begomoviruses associated with CMD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic diversity and phylogeography of cassava mosaic viruses in Kenya

Bull

Briddon

Sserubombwe

et al. 2006

Journal of General Virology

114

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Cassava is a major factor in food security across sub-Saharan Africa. However, the crop is susceptible to losses due to biotic stresses, in particular to viruses of the genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) that cause cassava mosaic disease (CMD). During the 1990s, an epidemic of CMD severely hindered cassava production across eastern and central Africa. A significant influence on the appearance of virus epidemics is virus diversity. Here, a survey of the genetic diversity of CMD-associated begomoviruses across the major cassava-growing areas of Kenya is described. Because an initial PCR-restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis identified a much greater diversity of viruses than assumed previously, representative members of the population were characterized by sequence analysis. The full-length sequences of 109 components (68 DNA-A and 41 DNA-B) were determined, representing isolates of East African cassava mosaic virus and East African cassava mosaic Zanzibar virus, as well as a novel begomovirus species for which the name East African cassava mosaic Kenya virus is proposed. The DNA-B components were much less diverse than their corresponding DNA-A components, but nonetheless segregated into western and eastern (coastal) groups. All virus species and strains encountered showed distinct geographical distributions, highlighting the importance of preventing both the movement of viruses between these regions and the importation of the disease from adjacent countries and islands in the Indian Ocean that would undoubtedly encourage further diversification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic diversity and phylogeography of cassava mosaic viruses in Kenya

Bull

Briddon

Sserubombwe

et al. 2006

Journal of General Virology

114

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“…Cassava production in Africa is greatly constrained by a number of biotic factors, including cassava green mite (Skovgård et al 1993), cassava mealy bug, cassava bacterial blight (Boher and Verdier 1994), cassava brown streak disease (CBSD; Hillocks and Jennings 2003;Hillocks et al 2001) and cassava mosaic disease (CMD; Patil and Fauquet 2009). CMD is caused by whitefly transmitted begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae) for which several species have been identified throughout cassava growing regions of Africa (Berrie et al 2001;Bull et al 2003Bull et al , 2006Hong et al 1993;Stanley and Gay 1983). The diseasecharacterised by a yellow-green mosaic of the leaves, leaf distortion, stunted growth and decrease in the size of rootis probably the most significant biotic constraint to cassava production in Africa.…”

Section: Problems Associated With the Production And Consumption Of Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cassava: constraints to production and the transfer of biotechnology to African laboratories

et al. 2011

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Knowledge and technology transfer to African institutes is an important objective to help achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. Plant biotechnology in particular enables innovative advances in agriculture and industry, offering new prospects to promote the integration and dissemination of improved crops and their derivatives from developing countries into local markets and the global economy. There is also the need to broaden our knowledge and understanding of cassava as a staple food crop. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a vital source of calories for approximately 500 million people living in developing countries. Unfortunately, it is subject to numerous biotic and abiotic stresses that impact on production, consumption, marketability and also local and country economics. To date, improvements to cassava have been led via conventional plant breeding programmes, but with advances in molecular-assisted breeding and plant biotechnology new tools are being developed to hasten the generation of improved farmer-preferred cultivars. In this review, we report on the current constraints to cassava production and knowledge acquisition in Africa, including a case study discussing the opportunities and challenges of a technology transfer programme established between the Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute in Tanzania and Europe-based researchers. The establishment of cassava biotechnology platform(s) should promote research capabilities in African institutions and allow scientists autonomy to adapt cassava to suit local agro-ecosystems, ultimately serving to develop a sustainable biotechnology infrastructure in African countries.

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“…This, however, is especially true for EACMV genomes. The recent description of another distinctive virus species from Zanzibar, EACMV-Z (Maruthi et al 2002a), which is also prevalent in coastal Kenya (Bull et al 2003), provides further evidence for the high molecular variability within EACMV, rendering species demarcation of CMBs difficult. The genetic variability of EACMV is shown by the quite diverse geographic isolates obtained from Kenya, Tanzania and Malawi.…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%