Occurrence of <i>Alternaria japonica</i> on Seeds of Wild and Cultivated Rocket

Gilardi, G.; Demarchi, S.; Ortu, G.; Gullino, M. L.; Garibaldi, A.

doi:10.1111/jph.12292

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The tested strains of Alternaria spp. from brassica plants and seeds were identified by morphological observations as well as by a phylogenetic analysis based on β-tubulin gene and anonymous region OPA10-2 sequences [ 14 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycotoxin Production in Liquid Culture and on Plants Infected with Alternaria spp. Isolated from Rocket and Cabbage

Siciliano

Ortu

Gilardi

et al. 2015

Toxins

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Fungi belonging to the genus Alternaria are common pathogens of fruit and vegetables with some species able to produce secondary metabolites dangerous to human health. Twenty-eight Alternaria isolates from rocket and cabbage were investigated for their mycotoxin production. Five different Alternaria toxins were extracted from synthetic liquid media and from plant material (cabbage, cultivated rocket, cauliflower). A modified Czapek-Dox medium was used for the in vitro assay. Under these conditions, more than 80% of the isolates showed the ability to produce at least one mycotoxin, generally with higher levels for tenuazonic acid. However, the same isolates analyzed in vivo seemed to lose their ability to produce tenuazonic acid. For the other mycotoxins; alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, altenuene and tentoxin a good correlation between in vitro and in vivo production was observed. In vitro assay is a useful tool to predict the possible mycotoxin contamination under field and greenhouse conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…have been recently detected on plants and seeds of wild and cultivated rocket and basil [ 12 , 13 ]; in addition, they are the most common and destructive pathogens of cabbage and cauliflower. Among the known species, A. japonica is reported on wild and cultivated rocket [ 14 , 15 ], Chinese cabbage [ 16 ] and turnip [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxin Production in Liquid Culture and on Plants Infected with Alternaria spp. Isolated from Rocket and Cabbage

Siciliano

Ortu

Gilardi

et al. 2015

Toxins

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“…investigated, it is noteworthy that A. japonica was the most virulent species and caused severe defoliation on rapeseed. This species has been frequently reported as a pathogen on Brassicaceae in Australia-for example on rapeseed and mustard (Al-lami et al, 2019a); on Chinese cabbage, hoary stock (Matthiola incana), wild radish (Australian Plant Pest Database, 2019)-and is considered a significant pathogen in Italy on wild and cultivated rocket (Garibaldi et al, 2011;Gilardi et al, 2014;Siciliano et al, 2017), as well as on turnip (B. rapa subsp. rapa) in Spain (Bassimba et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence variability across the Alternaria spp. population determines incidence and severity of alternaria leaf spot on rapeseed

et al. 2020

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Alternaria leaf spot of Brassicaceae can be a devastating disease caused by several species of Alternaria. Differences in virulence (disease incidence and severity) and consequent defoliation were evaluated for 101 isolates across 10 Alternaria spp. (Alternaria alternata, A. brassicae, A. conjuncta, A. ethzedia, A. eureka, A. hordeicola, A. infectoria, A. japonica, A. metachromatica, and A. tenuissima) on seedlings of Brassica napus ‘Thunder TT’. In terms of disease incidence, severity, and defoliation, all isolates tested were virulent, but levels of isolate virulence varied within and between Alternaria spp. tested. Virulence also varied in relation to the disease assessment parameter used. A. japonica showed the highest virulence and overall mean values of percentage leaf disease incidence (%LDI 97.5), percentage leaf area diseased (%LAD 90.0) and percentage leaf senescence index (%LSI 70.0), followed by A. brassicae with 65.0, 55.0, and 35.0, A. ethzedia with 50.9, 41.8, and 15.9, and A. alternata with 48.4, 41.1, and 14.8, for %LDI, %LAD, and %LSI, respectively. The remaining Alternaria spp. also expressed varying levels of virulence in relation to the particular disease parameter used. These findings highlight the variation in relative levels of virulence, in terms of disease incidence, severity, and defoliation, within and between Alternaria spp. associated with leaf spot on rapeseed and reflect the relative importance of different pathogen populations of Alternaria spp. In particular, the potential of A. japonica and A. ethzedia to be significant pathogens of rapeseed in Australia, along with A. brassicae and A. alternata, is highlighted.

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“…Rocket plants can be affected in all growth stages, and typical symptoms include black necrotic lesions surrounded by chlorotic areas on seedlings, leaves and stems (Gullino et al ., ). Seeds may be important in disseminating the pathogen because the external contamination of wild and cultivated rocket seeds has been observed (Table ) (Gilardi et al ., ). Although A. japonica has been found to be the most prevalent species among the Alternaria isolates from wild and cultivated rocket plants and seeds, pathogenic isolates of Alternaria tenuissima , Alternaria brassicicola and Alternaria arborescens have also been identified, thus suggesting that these Alternaria species are also a potential threat to rocket (Siciliano et al ., ).…”

Section: Foliar Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Emerging foliar and soil‐borne pathogens of leafy vegetable crops: a possible threat to Europe

2018

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Italy is one of the leading countries for the production and consumption of ready‐to‐eat salads. This has led to a steady increase in the area used over the last decade for the growth of leafy vegetables under intensive systems. The recent new diseases that affect lettuce, wild and cultivated rocket, lamb's lettuce, spinach and basil are reported here: Plectosphaerella cucumerina on wild rocket, endive and lamb's lettuce, Fusarium equiseti on wild and cultivated rocket and lettuce, Myrothecium verrucaria on spinach and wild rocket, Myrothecium roridum on lamb's lettuce, Allophoma tropica on lettuce and Alternaria sp. on basil and rocket are among the new foliar pathogens in Italy. Among the soil‐borne pathogens, Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium irregulare and Pythium Cluster B2a have recently been isolated in Italy on spinach and Swiss chard, lamb's lettuce and lettuce, while Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, which causes lettuce wilt, is gradually spreading to new countries. Some of the new pathogens have been found to be transmitted by seed and typical of tropical climate, and are thus favoured by the increases in temperature linked to climate change. The globalization of markets, climate change and intensive cultivation are among the factors responsible for the proliferation and spread of some of these new pathogens that are ‘alien’ to Italian production systems.

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Occurrence of Alternaria japonica on Seeds of Wild and Cultivated Rocket

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Mycotoxin Production in Liquid Culture and on Plants Infected with Alternaria spp. Isolated from Rocket and Cabbage

Mycotoxin Production in Liquid Culture and on Plants Infected with Alternaria spp. Isolated from Rocket and Cabbage

Virulence variability across the Alternaria spp. population determines incidence and severity of alternaria leaf spot on rapeseed

Emerging foliar and soil‐borne pathogens of leafy vegetable crops: a possible threat to Europe

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