Occurrence of Hydrangea Phyllody in Japan and Detection of the Causal Phytoplasma.

Kanehira, Tsutomu; Horikoshi, Norio; Yamakita, Yuuko; Shinohara, Masayuki

doi:10.3186/jjphytopath.62.537

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…genicity of phytoplasmas has been elusive because of the inability to culture these cell-wall-less prokaryotes in a cell-free medium, indirect evidence from electron microscopy, and use of molecular probes support the hypothesis of a phytoplasmal aetiology for these diseases (Kanehira et al, 1996). JHP was such a case as described above (Kanehira et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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‘Candidatus Phytoplasma japonicum’, a new phytoplasma taxon associated with Japanese Hydrangea phyllody

Sawayanagi

Horikoshi

Kanehira

et al. 1999

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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A phytoplasma was discovered in diseased specimens of f ield-grown hortensia (Hydrangea spp.) exhibiting typical phyllody symptoms. PCR amplification of DNA using phytoplasma specific primers detected phytoplasma DNA in all of the diseased plants examined. No phytoplasma DNA was found in healthy hortensia seedlings. RFLP patterns of amplified 165 rDNA differed from the patterns previously described for other phytoplasmas including six isolates of foreign hortensia phytoplasmas. Based on the RFLP, the Japanese Hydrangea phyllody (JHP) phytoplasma was classified as a representative of a new subgroup in the phytoplasma 165 rRNA group I (aster yellows, onion yellows, all of the previously reported hortensia phytoplasmas, and related phytoplasmas). A phylogenetic analysis of 16s rRNA gene sequences from this and other group I phytoplasmas identified the JHP phytoplasma as a member of a distinct sub-group (sub-group Id) in the phytoplasma clade of the class Mollicutes. The phylogenetic tree constructed from 165 rRNA gene sequences was consistent with the hypothesis that the JHP phytoplasma and its closest known relatives, the Australian grapevine yellows (AUSGY), Phormium yellow leaf (PYL), Stolbur of Capsicum annuum (STOL) and Vergilbungskrankheit of grapevine (VK) share a common ancestor. The unique properties of the DNA from the JHP phytoplasma clearly establish that it represents a new taxon, Candidatus Phytoplasma japonicum '.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…95227) and Oita (No. 95094) Prefectures in Japan, during 1994 and 1995 (Kanehira et al, 1996). The causal agent was transmitted to periwinkle [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don] by graft inoculation and the infected periwinkles were used as samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Candidatus Phytoplasma japonicum’, a new phytoplasma taxon associated with Japanese Hydrangea phyllody

Sawayanagi

Horikoshi

Kanehira

et al. 1999

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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“…xanthoneura b) 1:Tamura & Komuro (1967), 2:Chiko & Godkin (1986), 3: Brierly & Lorentz (1957, 4:Yusa et al (2016), 5:Bertaccini et al (1992), 6: Takinami et al (2013, 7:Kanehira et al (1996), 8: Sawayanagi et al (1999), 9: Takikawa et al (2008), 10: Ikeda et al (2009), 11: Shirata et al (1984), 12: Ji et al (2007), 13: Kusumoto et al (2009), 14: Nagashima et al (2021a, b), 15: Yosilia et al (2020, 16: USDA ARS (2022), 17:Yasuda (1911), 18: Zhang et al (1997), 19: Togashi & Onuma (1934), 20: Yoshinaga (1905), 21: Zhuang (1983), 22: Harada & Fujita (1998), 23: Miura (1957), 24: Kobayashi (1977a, b), 25: Raabe (1965), 26: Raabe (1967), 27: Endo (1964), 28: Arai (1996), 29: Bang et al (2001), 30: Rivera et al (2004), 31: Garibaldi et al (2017), 32: Whiteside (1966), 33: Horie & Kobayashi (1984), 34: Shin & Braun (2000, 35:Gautam et al (2020), 36: Williams & Liu (1976), 37: Yamamoto & Maeda (1960), 38: Yamamoto & Yasumori (1960, 39:Katsuki (1949), 40:Thompson & Johnston (1953), 41:Wiehe (1953), 42: Yamamoto (1936), 43: Yoshikawa & Yokoyama (1992, 44:Bakhshi et al (2015), 45:Groenewald et al (2013), 46: Togashi & Katsuki (1952, 47:Moriwaki et al (2003), 48: Sawada (1943a, b), 49: Tsukamoto & Katsuki (1959), 50: Johnston (1960, 51:Kasuyama & Idei (1987), 52: Sobers (1966), 53: Thaung (2008), 54: Zhu et al (2020, 55:Yokoyama & Tsubaki (1974), 56:Bertaccini et al (2015), 57:Kobayashi (1970), 58: Braun & Cook (2012, 59:Nomura & Tanda (1985), 60:Nakamura (1970), 61: Chiba & Teramoto (1952), 62: Aoshima & Kobayashi (1983), 63: Hirata (1956), 64: Yarwood & Gardner (1970), 65: Seki & Hirata (1961), 66: Homma & Hirata (1968), 67: Takahashi (2000, 68:Hara (1918), 69: Park et al (2012), 70: Tanda (1997), 71: Tanda (1999), 72: Orieux & Felix (1968), 73: Hirata & Wada (1973), 74: Horie et al (1997), 75: Tanda et al (1973), 76: Garibaldi et al (2006), 77: Takano (1994), 78: Koenig (1973), 79: Ikeda et al (2010), 80: Motohashi et al (2009), 81: Hara (1930), 82: Miura (1962), 83: Cho et al (2018), 84: Meeboon & Takamatsu (2015, 85:Wanasiri et al (2020), 86: Okane & Kakishima (1991), 87: Ogawa (1996, 88:Kakishima & Sato (1981), 89: Hiratsuka & Chen (1991), 90: Matsumura (1904), 91: Hiratsuka (1927), 92: Nasu & Kunoh (1987), 93: Guo (1989, 94:Zhuang & Wei (1994), 95: Zhuang (2005, 96:Liang et al (2006), 97: Sat...…”

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confidence: 99%

Hydrangea Diseases in Japan

NAGASHIMA

Tojo²

2023

JARQ

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The genus Hydrangea comprises 70-80 species, some of which have economic importance as flowering plants. Japan has at least 71 hydrangea diseases and approximately one-third of the world's recorded hydrangea diseases. A large number of hydrangea diseases in Japan are known primarily due to the long history of disease studies since 1892, and the pathogen diversity caused by Japan's high humidity and temperature ranges. Recently, new diseases have been found in several high-value cultivars that have been grown as potted plants in greenhouses in Japan. Such growing environments with high humidity and temperature may have enhanced development of the new diseases. An overall risk assessment is needed to ensure proper management of both old and new diseases of hydrangeas. This review lists all known hydrangea diseases recorded in Japan, compared them to global records, and reveals the diversity as well as the uniqueness of the diseases in the country. In addition, eight diseases, i.e., ring spot, bacterial leaf spot, stem and root rot, powdery mildew, gray mold, leaf spot/ stem rot, anthracnose, and leaf spot, which are currently problematic in Shimane Prefecture, Japan, are addressed based on four features: 1) symptoms, 2) distribution, 3) occurrence, and 4) control.

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The Family Acholeplasmataceae (Including Phytoplasmas)

Martini

Marcone

Lee³

et al. 2014

The Prokaryotes

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The family Acholeplasmataceae was originally established to\ud accommodate the genus Acholeplasma, comprising the mollicutes that\ud could be cultivated without the supplement of cholesterol and that\ud use UGA as a stop codon instead of coding for tryptophan. It was\ud later shown that the phytoplasmas, a large group of uncultivable,\ud wall-less, non-helical mollicutes that are associated with plants and\ud insects, shared taxonomically relevant properties with members of the\ud genus Acholeplasma. Being not cultivable in vitro in axenic culture, the\ud phytoplasmas could not be classified using the standards used for other\ud mollicutes and are named using the category of Candidatus, as “Ca.\ud Phytoplasma.”\ud Although phytoplasmas are associated with habitats and ecology\ud different from acholeplasmas, the two genera Acholeplasma and\ud “Candidatus Phytoplasma” are phylogenetically related and form a\ud distinct clade within the Mollicutes. The persisting inability to grow\ud the phytoplasmas in vitro hinders the identification of their distinctive\ud phenotypic traits, important criteria for mollicute classification. Until\ud supplemental phenotypic traits become available, the genus “Candidatus\ud Phytoplasma” is designated, on the basis of phylogeny, as a tentative\ud member in the family Acholeplasmataceae. Phylogenetic analysis based\ud on gene sequences, in particular, ribosomal sequences, has provided\ud the major supporting evidence for the composition and taxonomic\ud subdivision of this group of organisms with diverse habitats and ecology\ud and has become the mainstream for the Acholeplasmataceae systematics.\ud However, without the ability to determine phenotypic properties, the\ud circumscription of related species among the non culturable members of\ud the family remains a major issue.\ud The genus Acholeplasma comprises 14 species predominantly associated\ud with animals and isolated from mammalian fluids but regarded as not\ud normally pathogenic. Conversely, the genus “Ca. Phytoplasma” includes\ud plant pathogens of major economic relevance worldwide. To date, 36\ud “Ca. Phytoplasma species” have been described

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Occurrence of Hydrangea Phyllody in Japan and Detection of the Causal Phytoplasma.

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

‘Candidatus Phytoplasma japonicum’, a new phytoplasma taxon associated with Japanese Hydrangea phyllody

‘Candidatus Phytoplasma japonicum’, a new phytoplasma taxon associated with Japanese Hydrangea phyllody

Hydrangea Diseases in Japan

The Family Acholeplasmataceae (Including Phytoplasmas)

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