Occurrence of human pathogenic<i>Clostridium botulinum</i>among healthy dairy animals: an emerging public health hazard

Abdel-Moein, Khaled A.; Hamza, Dalia

doi:10.1080/20477724.2015.1133107

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…IDI0629 was indeed isolated from cow feces. Although there is no report of cattle botulism cases in the farm where IDI0629 was isolated, cattle are susceptible to botulism (usually caused by type C and D toxins), and healthy cattle could also be intermittent carrier of C. botulinum (Abdel-Moein and Hamza, 2016). In such context, the GI tract of ruminants would provide an environment for ureolytic E. faecium and toxin-producing Clostridium to coexist and exchange genes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of a Botulinum Neurotoxin-like Toxin in a Commensal Strain of Enterococcus faecium

Zhang

Lebreton

Mansfield

et al. 2018

Cell Host & Microbe

133

131

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Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by various Clostridium strains, are a family of potent bacterial toxins and potential bioterrorism agents. Here we report that an Enterococcus faecium strain isolated from cow feces carries a BoNT-like toxin, designated BoNT/En. It cleaves both VAMP2 and SNAP-25, proteins that mediate synaptic vesicle exocytosis in neurons, at sites distinct from known BoNT cleavage sites on these two proteins. Comparative genomic analysis determines that the E. faecium strain carrying BoNT/En is a commensal type and that the BoNT/En gene is located within a typical BoNT gene cluster on a 206 kb putatively conjugative plasmid. Although the host species targeted by BoNT/En remains to be determined, these findings establish an extended member of BoNTs and demonstrate the capability of E. faecium, a commensal organism ubiquitous in humans and animals and a leading cause of hospital-acquired multi-drug-resistant (MDR) infections, to horizontally acquire, and possibly disseminate, a unique BoNT gene cluster.

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confidence: 99%

Identification of a Botulinum Neurotoxin-like Toxin in a Commensal Strain of Enterococcus faecium

Zhang

Lebreton

Mansfield

et al. 2018

Cell Host & Microbe

133

131

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“…A large outbreak of type A botulism was reported in Brazil due to the ingestion of bones and decomposing carcasses by cattle [145]. Group III C. botulinum was identified in 18.7% and C. botulinum type A in 3% of fecal samples from dairy cows, buffaloes, sheep and goats in Egypt [146].…”

Section: Botulism Type a And B In Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

Public Health Risk Associated with Botulism as Foodborne Zoonoses

Rasetti-Escargueil

Lemichez

Popoff

2019

Toxins

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Botulism is a rare but severe neurological disease in man and animals that is caused by botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) produced by Clostridium botulinum and atypical strains from other Clostridium and non-Clostridium species. BoNTs are divided into more than seven toxinotypes based on neutralization with specific corresponding antisera, and each toxinotype is subdivided into subtypes according to amino acid sequence variations. Animal species show variable sensitivity to the different BoNT toxinotypes. Thereby, naturally acquired animal botulism is mainly due to BoNT/C, D and the mosaic variants CD and DC, BoNT/CD being more prevalent in birds and BoNT/DC in cattle, whereas human botulism is more frequently in the types A, B and E, and to a lower extent, F. Botulism is not a contagious disease, since there is no direct transmission from diseased animals or man to a healthy subject. Botulism occurs via the environment, notably from food contaminated with C. botulinum spores and preserved in conditions favorable for C. botulinum growth and toxin production. The high prevalence of botulism types C, D and variants DC and CD in farmed and wild birds, and to a lower extent in cattle, raises the risk of transmission to human beings. However, human botulism is much rarer than animal botulism, and botulism types C and D are exceptional in humans. Only 15 cases or suspected cases of botulism type C and one outbreak of botulism type D have been reported in humans to date. In contrast, animal healthy carriers of C. botulinum group II, such as C. botulinum type E in fish of the northern hemisphere, and C. botulinum B4 in pigs, represent a more prevalent risk of botulism transmission to human subjects. Less common botulism types in animals but at risk of transmission to humans, can sporadically be observed, such as botulism type E in farmed chickens in France (1998–2002), botulism type B in cattle in The Netherlands (1977–1979), botulism types A and B in horses, or botulism type A in dairy cows (Egypt, 1976). In most cases, human and animal botulisms have distinct origins, and cross transmissions between animals and human beings are rather rare, accidental events. But, due to the severity of this disease, human and animal botulism requires a careful surveillance.

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