Occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. in surface water supplies

LeChevallier, Mark W.; Norton, William D.; Lee, R G

doi:10.1128/aem.57.9.2610-2616.1991

Cited by 425 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These results are in the range of values reported by LeChevallier and coworkers (i.e. 87%) [18] and by Roach and coworkers (i.e. 14%) [19].…”

Section: Occurrence Of Pathogens In River Water and Relationship Withsupporting

confidence: 85%

Occurrence of Salmonella spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in a French coastal watershed: relationship with fecal indicators

Lemarchand

2003

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Cryptosporidium and Salmonella are pathogenic microorganisms that can cause severe gastrointestinal illness in humans. Because these organisms are potentially transmitted through natural waters, this study was carried out to estimate the concentrations of both pathogens in a French coastal watershed and to determine the relationships with fecal indicators. Water samples from nine wastewater treatment plants and eight rivers were analyzed. Although both pathogens and indicators are released from sewage effluents, no clear correlation was found between the two enteric pathogens nor between a given pathogen and fecal indicators. These results suggest that fecal indicators do not adequately indicate the presence of Cryptosporidium and Salmonella in natural waters and that pathogens and indicators may have different behaviors in the aquatic environment.

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“…These results are in the range of values reported by LeChevallier and coworkers (i.e. 87%) [18] and by Roach and coworkers (i.e. 14%) [19].…”

Section: Occurrence Of Pathogens In River Water and Relationship Withsupporting

confidence: 85%

Occurrence of Salmonella spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in a French coastal watershed: relationship with fecal indicators

Lemarchand

2003

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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“…But, it is essential from a public health standpoint to determine whether oocysts are live or not. Viability is an important aspect in the detection of Cryptosporidium in environmental waters, as many oocysts are dead or damaged and thus do not pose a threat to public health (LeChevallier et al ., 1991). To determine more accurately the human health risk posed by C. parvum , we have developed an IMS-RT-PCR assay that discriminates between viable and non-viable C. parvum oocysts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An immunomagnetic separation–reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (IMS‐RT‐PCR) test for sensitive and rapid detection of viable waterborne Cryptosporidium parvum

Hallier-Soulier¹,

Guillot²

2003

Environmental Microbiology

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The public health problem posed by the waterborne parasite Cryptosporidium parvum incited the water supply industry to develop very accurate analytical tools able to assess the presence of viable oocysts in drinking water. In this study, we report the development of a viability assay for C. parvum oocysts based on immunomagnetic separation and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (IMS-RT-PCR). The detection limit of the IMS-RT-PCR assay, which targets the hsp70 heat shock-induced mRNA, was in the range of ten viable oocysts per 100-l tap water samples. Purified Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were exposed to heating, freezing and three chemical disinfection treatments namely, chlorination, chlorine dioxide treatment and ozonation under conventional doses used in water treatment plants, then detected by IMS-PCR and IMS-RT-PCR. The results obtained by IMS-PCR showed that none of the treatments had an effect on oocyst detection. The inactivation of oocysts by boiling resulted in no RT-PCR signal. Chlorine as well as chlorine dioxide did not influence oocyst viability as determined by IMS-RT-PCR. Ozone more effectively inactivated oocysts. The IMS-RT-PCR assay in conjunction with IMS-PCR marks the development of a combined detection and viability test which can be used for drinking water quality control as well as for reliable evaluation of treatment efficiency.

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“…Giardia recoveries averaged 12% 2 18 using the USEPA method and 49% 2 91 using the Ongerth membrane method; Cryptosporidium recoveries averaged 8% 2 13 with the USEPA method and 9% 2 4 using the Ongerth membrane method. Other studies have reported higher recoveries (LeChevallier et al 1991(LeChevallier et al , 1995 but these recoveries are from seeded packed pellets which do not include the sampling and elution steps. The ICR method recoveries in this study were higher than previously reported (Clancy 1996) and may be due to sampling only a 10 l sample volume rather than the 100 l normally sampled.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

An evaluation of the Gelman Envirochek® capsule for the simultaneous concentration ofCryptosporidiumandGiardiafrom water

Matheson¹,

Hargy²,

McCuin³

et al. 1998

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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The Gelman Envirochek capsule is a membrane device for the simultaneous concentration of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts from water. Samples are filtered through a Supor® polyethersulphone membrane with a 1 μm absolute pore size. (Oo)cysts are mechanically eluted from the membrane fibre using a wrist action shaker and a non‐ionic detergent and concentrated by centrifugation. The concentrate can be further processed using any separation technique to separate the target organisms from other debris. This method enables multiple samples to be processed within 1 h. Recoveries from seeded tap and source water samples were in excess of 70% for Cryptosporidium and 80% for Giardia.

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Occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. in surface water supplies

Cited by 425 publications

References 10 publications

Occurrence of Salmonella spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in a French coastal watershed: relationship with fecal indicators

Occurrence of Salmonella spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in a French coastal watershed: relationship with fecal indicators

An immunomagnetic separation–reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (IMS‐RT‐PCR) test for sensitive and rapid detection of viable waterborne Cryptosporidium parvum

An evaluation of the Gelman Envirochek® capsule for the simultaneous concentration ofCryptosporidiumandGiardiafrom water

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