Occurrence of Fungal Pathogens Associated with Grapevine Nurseries and the Decline of Young Vines in Spain

Giménez-Jaime, A.; Aroca, Ángeles; Raposo, Rosa; García‐Jiménez, J.; Armengol, Josep

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.2006.01153.x

Cited by 67 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Once the grafting process terminated, nursery plants do contain damaged tissues that can be invaded by these fungal saprobes. In fact, several earlier studies reported Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium species from nursery plants (Chicau et al 2000;Edwards and Pascoe 2004;Giménez-Jaime et al 2006;Halleen et al 2003). However, Halleen et al (2003) observed that these esca-associated fungal species were mostly associated with either the rootstock or the graft union.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The assumption of a wood decomposer community that is specific to damaged plant tissues may also explain why we did not find any of the early esca-associated fungi in nursery plants that were grafted with identical rootstock as the adult plants and with healthy scions sampled from the same adult plants studied here. Indeed, the major risk for potential transmission of fungi associated with esca and young vine decline is generally assumed to be during the grafting process of the grapevine cultivar on a new rootstock Giménez-Jaime et al 2006;Aroca et al 2010). However, if pioneer esca species were indeed fungal saprobes specialized in wood decay, grapevine healthy shoots of the rootstock mother plant and of the selected cultivar used for grafting are unlikely to host any of these fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principal pathogenic taxa associated with esca are Eutypa lata, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, and various species of the genera Botryosphaeria, Cylindrocarpon, Fomitiporia, Phaeoacremonium, Phellinus, Phomopsis, and Stereum (Armengol et al 2001;Larignon and Dubos 1997;Mugnai et al 1999;Surico et al 2006). With the exception of basidiomycetous Fomitiporia, Stereum, and Phellinus species, all these pathogens have also been isolated from necrotic wood of plants suffering from young vine decline, although with a higher incidence for Cylindrocarpon species, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, and one additional genus, Cadophora (Edwards and Pascoe 2004;Giménez-Jaime et al 2006;Gramaje and Armengol 2011;Halleen et al 2003;Martin and Cobos 2007;Scheck et al 1998). The fungi that are held responsible for esca or young vine decline have also been associated individually with other grapevine diseases.…”

Section: Esca (Including Black Dead Arm [Bda] Aftermentioning

confidence: 99%

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What if esca disease of grapevine were not a fungal disease?

et al. 2012

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Esca disease, which attacks the wood of grapevine, has become increasingly devastating during the past three decades and represents today a major concern in all wine-producing countries. This disease is attributed to a group of systematically diverse fungi that are considered to be latent pathogens, however, this has not been conclusively established. This study presents the first in-depth comparison between the mycota of healthy and diseased plants taken from the same vineyard to determine which fungi become invasive when foliar symptoms of esca appear. An unprecedented high fungal diversity, 158 species, is here reported exclusively from grapevine wood in a single Swiss vineyard plot. An identical mycota inhabits wood of healthy and diseased adult plants and presumed esca pathogens were widespread and occurred in similar frequencies in both plant types. Pioneer esca-associated fungi are not transmitted from adult to nursery plants through the grafting process. Consequently the presumed esca-associated fungal pathogens are most likely saprobes decaying already senescent or dead wood resulting from intensive pruning, frost or other mecanical injuries as grafting. The cause of esca disease therefore remains elusive and requires well executive scientific study. These results question the assumed pathogenicity of fungi in other diseases of plants or animals where identical mycota are retrieved from both diseased and healthy individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Esca (Including Black Dead Arm [Bda] Aftermentioning

confidence: 99%

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What if esca disease of grapevine were not a fungal disease?

et al. 2012

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“…It may also happen because of the use of infected mother plants (10,12). Rootstock material used for propagation has been reported to harbor trunk disease pathogens and especially Phaeoacremonium species (1,11,13,15,30). Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

PCR-Based Strategy To Detect and Identify Species of Phaeoacremonium Causing Grapevine Diseases

Aroca

Raposo

2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Species of Phaeoacremonium (especially Phaeoacremonium aleophilum) are associated with two severe diseases in grapevines, Petri disease in young plants and Esca disease in adult plants. Phaeoacremonium species grow slowly on culture medium, and it is difficult to identify these species on the basis of morphological characteristics. Primers Pm1 and Pm2 were designed in the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions ITS1 and ITS2, respectively. They yielded a single amplicon of 415 bp for nine species of Phaeoacremonium that may occur in grapevines. A nested PCR (using general fungal primers ITS1F/ITS4 in the primary reaction) was developed to detect Phaeoacremonium directly in grapevine wood. Molecular detection was more sensitive than the traditional method of culturing in growth medium was. Identification of Phaeoacremonium species was achieved by digesting the PCRamplified fragment with the restriction enzymes BssKI, EcoO109I, and HhaI. It was possible to distinguish these species by their restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns, except for Phaeoacremonium viticola and Phaeoacremonium angustius, which had 100% similarity in their ITS region sequences. A species-specific PCR amplification of the partial ␤-tubulin gene using the primer pair Pbr4_1/T1 and Pbr8/T1 was necessary to differentiate P. angustius from P. viticola, respectively. An easy and fast protocol was developed to detect and identify species of Phaeoacremonium in a few hours. Primers defined here can be used in a plant nursery sanitation program to produce plants free of Phaeoacremonium spp. Use of healthy grapevine plants in new plantations is the most effective measure to manage Petri disease.

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“…Neonectria macrodidyma is a pathogen of economic importance to containerized seedlings and the nursery industry in California [5,6]. It is also important in apple [7], pine and other conifer seedlings, and the forest nurseries [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Neonectria macrodidyma with Dry Root Rot of Citrus in California

AO¹,

JS²,

BB³

et al. 2017

J Plant Pathol Microbiol

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During yearly surveys that started in 2010 to identify pathogens associated with dry root rot disease of citrus in California, samples with root rot symptoms were collected in Tulare County. Small pieces of tissue from root samples were plated onto potato dextrose agar amended with 0.01% tetracycline and incubated at 25°C. Pure cultures of fungal isolates were identified by morphology and sequence analysis of the Internal Transcribed Spacer and Beta Tubulin regions. Neonectria macrodidyma (Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum) was first recovered in 2011 and has subsequently been recovered multiple times from citrus samples. The pathogen appeared to be widely distributed in association with citrus dry root rot and possibly interacts with Fusarium solani, Phytophthora nicotianae and P. citrophthora, the major soil borne pathogens that were frequently identified from plant samples with root and/or crown rot of citrus in California. The fungal genus Cylindrocarpon (Teleomorph: Neonectria wolenw=Dactylonect ria=Ilyonectria) contains ubiquitous soil borne pathogens that cause black foot disease on a wide range of hosts, including grapevine, strawberry, apple, and conifers. Hosts typically become infected through natural wounds on roots and other below ground parts. In this report, we present strain UCR3312, which is the most recently isolated pathogenic strain in 2015. Considering the potential damage that this organism may cause to the citrus industry, detailed studies are recommended to better understand its distribution, epidemiology, and the general pathogen biology to improve the disease management practices.

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Occurrence of Fungal Pathogens Associated with Grapevine Nurseries and the Decline of Young Vines in Spain

Cited by 67 publications

References 15 publications

What if esca disease of grapevine were not a fungal disease?

What if esca disease of grapevine were not a fungal disease?

PCR-Based Strategy To Detect and Identify Species of Phaeoacremonium Causing Grapevine Diseases

Association of Neonectria macrodidyma with Dry Root Rot of Citrus in California

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