Occurrence of free and conjugated 12,13-epoxytrichothecenes and zearalenone in banana fruits infected with Fusarium moniliforme

Chakrabarti, Dilip K.; Ghosal, Shibnath

doi:10.1128/aem.51.1.217-219.1986

Cited by 46 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Chakrabarthy and Ghosal (6) concluded that they clearly demonstrated that banana naturally infected with F. moniliforme contained diacetoxyscirpenol, T-2, trichothecolone, and zearalenone. In reality, they only presented biological evidence (skin test and uterotropic response) in their paper, and the chemical study reported was on the culture filtrate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of trichothecenes in toxigenic isolates of Fusarium moniliforme

Mirocha

Abbas

Vesonder

1990

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Thirty-four isolates of Fusarium moniliforme were obtained from cereal grains collected in various parts of the world. The isolates were grown on rice and tested as a diet for toxicity to rats. Of these isolates, 53% caused death, 12% caused congestion and hemorrhage of the stomach and intestine as well as hematuria, 21% caused diarrhea, 38% caused weight loss, and 9% were nontoxic. The cultures were tested for T-2, HT-2, neosolaniol, acetyl-T-2, T-2-tetraol, iso-T-2, diacetoxyscirpenol, monoacetoxyscirpenol, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone-X, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, zearalenone, moniliformin, fusarochromanone, fusarin-C, and wortmannin; all were negative. In addition, F. moniliforme NRRL A25820 was grown on corn and banana fruit as solid substrates as well as on a defined liquid medium; none of the above toxins were found. When F. moniliforme NRRL A25820 was incorporated into a rat diet, no toxicity was noted. Twenty-eight additional isolates of F. moniliforme, isolated from feed associated with equine leukoencephalomalacia, were grown on cracked corn for 2 weeks. The cultures were negative when tested for deoxynivalenol, 15acetyldeoxynivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, monoacetoxyscirpenol, nivalenol, and fusarenone X. Seventy-five percent of the isolates were toxic to ducklings, indicating the presence of a toxin other than trichothecenes. Our results support the conclusion that F. moniliforme does not produce trichothecenes. * Corresponding author. t Published as paper no. 16,960 of the contribution series of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station based on research conducted under project 22-34.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of trichothecenes in toxigenic isolates of Fusarium moniliforme

Mirocha

Abbas

Vesonder

1990

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…A possible explanation could be the presence of either unknown estrogenic U. S. Copyright Clearance Center Code Statement: 0931 -1793/90/3703 -0236$02.50/0 compounds or zearalenone conjugates in the sample material. Previous reports demonstrate the ability of fungi of the genus Fusarium to produce conjugates by themselves (CHAKRABARTI and GHOSAL, 1986;GORST-ALLMAN et al, 1985) or describe the bioconversion of mycotoxins to conjugated compounds by other fungi (KAMIMURA, 1986;EL-SHARKAWY and ABUL-HAIJ, 1987) and cell cultures of plants (ZILL, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cleavage of Zearalenone‐Glycoside, a “Masked” Mycotoxin, during Digestion in Swine

Gareis

Bauer

Thiem

et al. 1990

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

143

124

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Summary Comparative analyses of cereal samples pretreated with or without β‐glucosidase indicate the presence of zearalenone‐glycoside. To examine the stability of zearalenone‐glycoside during digestion, mixed feed was artificially contaminated with synthesized zearalenone‐4‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (395 μg/kg) and fed to a pig over a period of 14 days. The metabolites detected in feces and urine samples were zearalenone and α‐zearalenol. These results demonstrate that zearalenone‐4‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside is decomposed during digestion and the aglucone, zearalenone, is released. Since zearalenone‐glycoside is not detected during routine analysis, but hydrolysed during digestion, it seems likely that such “masked mycotoxins” are involved in cases of mycotoxicoses. Zusammenfassung Vergleichende Analysenergebnisse von Getreideproben, die mit oder ohne β‐Glucosidase vorin‐kubiert wurden, deuten darauf hin, daß glycosylierte Zearalenonkonjugate als natürliche Kontaminan‐ten workommen können. Mischfutter wurde künstlich mit synthetisiertem Zearalenon‐4‐β‐D‐Glucopyranosid versetzt (395 μg/kg) und 14 Tage an ein Schwein verfüttert. In den Harn‐ und Faecesproben wurden ausschließlich Zearalenon und α‐Zearalenol als Metabolite nachgewiesen. Die Resultate dieser Untersuchungen zeigen, daß das Zearalenon‐Glycosid während der Verdauung gespalten und das Aglycon, Zearalenon, freigesetzt wird. Da Zearalenon‐Glycosid bei routinemäßiger Untersuchung nicht detektiert wird, die Verbindung aber nach oraler Aufnahme gespalten wird, ist eine ursächliche Beteiligung derartig „maskierter” Mykotoxine bei der Entstehung klinisch manifester Mykotoxikosen anzunehmen.

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“…moniliforme isolates have been found to produce three 12,13-epoxytrichothecene mycotoxins (trichothecolone, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), and T-2 toxin), the palmitoyl esters of trichothecolone, scirpenetriol, and T-2 tetraol (T-2 TOL), and free and palmitic acid conjugate zearalenone (ZON), all in laboratory cultures. These toxins have also been detected in Musa sapientum L. (a banana variety) infected with this species (8). In many cases, the fruits exhibited no apparent visible signs of fungal contamination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…For this purpose, the ability to produce metabolites toxic to Artemia salina L. larvae was assessed and the mycotoxins produced by the different isolates were identified and quantified. With the exception of F. moniliforme (8), this is the first reported study of mycotoxin production by Fusarium species that contaminate bananas from the inside and the outside.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Mycotoxin production by fusarium species isolated from bananas

Jiménez¹,

Huerta²,

Mateo³

1997

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The ability of Fusarium species isolated from bananas to produce mycotoxins was studied with 66 isolates of the following species: F. semitectum var. majus (8 isolates), F. camptoceras (3 isolates), a Fusarium sp. (3 isolates), F. moniliforme (16 isolates), F. proliferatum (9 isolates), F. subglutinans (3 isolates), F. solani (3 isolates), F. oxysporum (5 isolates), F. graminearum (7 isolates), F. dimerum (3 isolates), F. acuminatum (3 isolates), and F. equiseti (3 isolates). All isolates were cultured on autoclaved corn grains. Their toxicity to Artemia salina L. larvae was examined. Some of the toxic effects observed arose from the production of known mycotoxins that were determined by thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, or high-performance liquid chromatography. All F. camptoceras and Fusarium sp. isolates proved toxic to A. salina larvae; however, no specific toxic metabolites could be identified. This was also the case with eight isolates of F. moniliforme and three of F. proliferatum. The following mycotoxins were encountered in the corn culture extracts: fumonisin B 1 (40 to 2,900 g/g), fumonisin B 2 (150 to 320 g/g), moniliformin (10 to 1,670 g/g), zearalenone (5 to 470 g/g), ␣-zearalenol (5 to 10 g/g), deoxynivalenol (8 to 35 g/g), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (5 to 10 g/g), neosolaniol (50 to 180 g/g), and T-2 tetraol (5 to 15 g/g). Based on the results, additional compounds produced by the fungal isolates may play prominent roles in the toxic effects on larvae observed. This is the first reported study on the mycotoxin-producing abilities of Fusarium species that contaminate bananas.

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Occurrence of free and conjugated 12,13-epoxytrichothecenes and zearalenone in banana fruits infected with Fusarium moniliforme

Cited by 46 publications

References 6 publications

Absence of trichothecenes in toxigenic isolates of Fusarium moniliforme

Absence of trichothecenes in toxigenic isolates of Fusarium moniliforme

Cleavage of Zearalenone‐Glycoside, a “Masked” Mycotoxin, during Digestion in Swine

Mycotoxin production by fusarium species isolated from bananas

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