Occurrence of foot and mouth disease serotypes in Tanzania: A retrospective study of tongue epithelial tissue samples

Swai, Emmanuel S.; Mrosso, Alphonce D.; Masambu, Joseph

doi:10.4314/tvj.v26i1.49232

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Since 1954, only four of the seven FMDV serotypes (O, A, SAT 1 and SAT 2) have been detected. This observation is consistent with previous recent serotyping studies that reported the presence of serotypes O, A, SAT 1 and SAT 2 in various locations in Tanzania (Swai et al, 2009;Kasanga et al, 2012) and indicate that the epidemiology of FMD in the country is complicated by the presence of multiple serotypes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Previous studies have provided evidence for the presence of four FMDV serotypes (O, A, SAT 1 and SAT 2) in Tanzania (Ferris and Donaldson, 1992;Swai et al, 2009;Kasanga et al, 2012). A serological survey of wildlife in Tanzania suggested infection with O, A, SAT 1 and SAT 2 may be widespread in free-living African buffalo in many parts of the country, and FMDV infection of other wildlife species was also detected (Hamblin et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Molecular Characterization of Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease Viruses Collected in Tanzania Between 1967 and 2009

Kasanga

Wadsworth

Mpelumbe-Ngeleja

et al. 2014

Transbound Emerg Dis

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SummaryThis paper describes the molecular characterization of foot-and-mouth disease viruses (FMDV) recovered from outbreaks in Tanzania that occurred between 1967 and 2009. A total of 44 FMDV isolates, containing representatives of serotypes O, A, SAT 1 and SAT 2 from 13 regions of Tanzania, were selected from the FAO World Reference Laboratory for FMD (WRLFMD) virus collection. VP1 nucleotide sequences were determined for RT-PCR amplicons, and phylogenetic reconstructions were determined by maximum likelihood and neighbour-joining methods. These analyses showed that Tanzanian type O viruses fell into the EAST AFRICA 2 (EA-2) topotype, type A viruses fell into the AFRICA topotype (genotype I), type SAT 1 viruses into topotype I and type SAT 2 viruses into topotype IV. Taken together, these findings reveal that serotypes O, A, SAT 1 and SAT 2 that caused FMD outbreaks in Tanzania were genetically related to lineages and topotypes occurring in the East African region. The close genetic relationship of viruses in Tanzania to those from other countries suggests that animal movements can contribute to virus dispersal in sub-Saharan Africa. This is the first molecular description of viruses circulating in Tanzania and highlights the need for further sampling of representative viruses from the region so as to elucidate the complex epidemiology of FMD in Tanzania and sub-Saharan Africa.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Molecular Characterization of Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease Viruses Collected in Tanzania Between 1967 and 2009

Kasanga

Wadsworth

Mpelumbe-Ngeleja

et al. 2014

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…The situation observed in 2004 may be because of a combination of factors: trans‐boundary or interspecies transmission, use of poorly inactivated vaccines (FAO, 2006; Balinda et al., 2009) or introduction of ‘new’ FMDV serotypes. Those factors may occur simultaneously, at variable intensity, in different areas (Rweyemamu et al., 2008b; Swai et al., 2009). Molecular epidemiological tools may have provided a better description of the FMDV transmission in 2004 (Kivaria and Kapaga, 2002), although an increase of report submission during the implementation of the Pan Africa Control of Epizootics (PACE) could also explain this observation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Tanzania, the endemic phases seem to be mainly related to the transmission in pastoralist areas in the North, and epidemic periods tend to affect most of the country. As risk factors and transmission characteristics differ in each region (Swai et al., 2009), surveillance and control measures should be implemented at regional level. Zoning should allow improving surveillance and control of FMD as well as establishing FMD‐free zones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Tanzania from 2001 to 2006

Picado

Speybroeck

Kivaria

et al. 2010

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Summary Foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Tanzania, with outbreaks occurring almost each year in different parts of the country. There is now a strong political desire to control animal diseases as part of national poverty alleviation strategies. However, FMD control requires improving the current knowledge on the disease dynamics and factors related to FMD occurrence so control measures can be implemented more efficiently. The objectives of this study were to describe the FMD dynamics in Tanzania from 2001 to 2006 and investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of transmission. Extraction maps, the space‐time K‐function and space‐time permutation models based on scan statistics were calculated for each year to evaluate the spatial distribution, the spatiotemporal interaction and the spatiotemporal clustering of FMD‐affected villages. From 2001 to 2006, 878 FMD outbreaks were reported in 605 different villages of 5815 populated places included in the database. The spatial distribution of FMD outbreaks was concentrated along the Tanzania‐Kenya, Tanzania‐Zambia borders, and the Kagera basin bordering Uganda, Rwanda and Tanzania. The spatiotemporal interaction among FMD‐affected villages was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.01) and 12 local spatiotemporal clusters were detected; however, the extent and intensity varied across the study period. Dividing the country in zones according to their epidemiological status will allow improving the control of FMD and delimiting potential FMD‐free areas.

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A review of pig pathology in Tanzania

Wilson¹,

Swai²

2013

Trop Anim Health Prod

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The approximately 1.58 million pigs in Tanzania represent 3.7% of the national population of quadruped meat-producing animals. Pigs are kept mainly by small producers who own 99.5% of the national stock in units that average 3.04 animals (range 2-48). Government policy has had little practical application. African swine fever, foot-and-mouth disease and Cysticercosis are important diseases. The first two are notifiable diseases under Tanzania legislation; the last has widespread distribution and relevance as a major zoonosis. Ascariasis (Ascaris suum), hydatidosis (Echinococcus granulosus), leptospirosis (Leptospira interrogans) and thermophilic Campylobacter are other zoonoses associated with pigs. Gastrointestinal helminths and external parasites, especially Sarcoptes scabiei, are common. Risk factors associated with cysticercosis for humans working with pigs or eating their meat include the free-range or semi-confined management systems, the use of rivers or ponds as a source of water, lack of household sanitation, informal home slaughter, pork not being inspected at slaughter slabs and undercooked and barbecued meat. Pigs are a minor component of Tanzania's livestock sector but there is potential for increasing their contribution to human welfare. Prospects are enhanced by the shorter life cycle, greater number of young produced per year and the possibility of producing high-quality animal protein at a lower cost than meat produced by cattle and small ruminants.

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Occurrence of foot and mouth disease serotypes in Tanzania: A retrospective study of tongue epithelial tissue samples

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Molecular Characterization of Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease Viruses Collected in Tanzania Between 1967 and 2009

Molecular Characterization of Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease Viruses Collected in Tanzania Between 1967 and 2009

Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Tanzania from 2001 to 2006

A review of pig pathology in Tanzania

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