Occurrence of Floating Toe from the Viewpoint of the Structure of Foot Arch

Fukuyama, Katsuhiko; Maruyama, Hitoshi

doi:10.1589/jpts.23.33

Cited by 20 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Previous studies reported the association between floating toe and differences in arch height percentage (sitting vs. standing) in adult females3 ) and birth weight in infants4 ) . However, no study has investigated school age children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between floating toe and toe grip strength in school age children: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2016

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[Purpose] This study investigated the association between floating toe and toe grip strength. [Subjects and Methods] A total of 635 Japanese children aged 9–11 years participated in this study. Floating toe was evaluated using footprint images, while toe grip strength was measured using a toe grip dynamometer. All 1,270 feet were classified into a floating toe group and a normal toe group according to visual evaluation of the footprint images. Intergroup differences in toe grip strength were analyzed using the unpaired t-test and logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, and Rohrer Index. [Results] There were 512 feet (40.3%) in the floating toe group. Mean toe grip strength of the feet with floating toe was significantly lower than that of normal feet (floating toe group, 12.9 ± 3.7 kg; normal toe group, 13.6 ± 4.1 kg). In addition, lower toe grip strength was associated with floating toe on logistic regression analysis after adjustment for age, gender, and Rohrer Index (odds ratio, 0.954; 95% confidence interval, 0.925–0.984). [Conclusion] This study revealed that lower toe grip strength was significantly associated with floating toe. Therefore, increasing toe grip strength may play a role in preventing floating toe in school age children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between floating toe and toe grip strength in school age children: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2016

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“…Also, they do not seem to cause pain or need surgery. Untouched-toes are also called “floating-toes” [ 4 ]. In Japan, the number of children with untouched-toes is on the rise [ 2 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of the kindergarten barefoot policy on preschool children’s toes

Matsuda

Kasuga

Hanai

et al. 2016

J Physiol Anthropol

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BackgroundThis study compared the effects of barefoot policy, a policy instructing preschool children to go without shoes, on untouched-toes, which do not touch the ground while standing normally, of preschool children attending kindergartens that follow this rule, to preschooler in kindergartens where they must wear shoes, i.e., no-barefoot policy.MethodsThe study used longitudinal data from measurements taken 2 years apart of the amount of times. The subjects were 59 children (34 boys and 25 girls) who went to a kindergarten that followed barefoot policy and 179 children (103 boys and 76 girls) who went to a kindergarten that did not follow barefoot policy. Images were taken of the contact surface area of the soles of the children’s feet by having them stand on the measurement device with their bare feet.ResultsThe number of untouched-toes in children participating in the study was determined from the pictures. In boys who attended kindergartens following barefoot policy, the ratio of the children without untouched-toes significantly increased for 2 years of childhood (35.3–64.7 %). The number of untouched-toes were significantly fewer in boys from kindergartens following barefoot policy than in boys from kindergartens not following the policy, and the magnitude of the difference grew for the two study years (ES: 0.41–0.63). In girls, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the ratio of girls without untouched-toes and the number of untouched-toes.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the ground contact of the toes becomes better for boys in kindergarten with a barefoot policy. The results were inconclusive with regard to girls, and other factors may need to be examined. In the future, it will be necessary to increase the number of the subjects and perform detailed examinations.

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“…With its complex anatomical structure, the foot plays a vital role in supporting body weight, absorbing shock, and moving the body forward when walking 1 , 2 , 3 ) . The toes also have the function of distributing load when walking 4 ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, there have been occasional reports of “floating toe”, a condition that does not involve pain or deformity in which the toes do not make contact with the ground when standing 3 ) . In adults, the condition reportedly occurs as a result of surgery 9 , 10 ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of floating toe and its association with the physique and foot morphology of Japanese children

et al. 2015

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[Purpose] Physical development, foot morphology, and toe contact of children aged 3 to 5 years were assessed in order to investigate the relationships between body and foot morphology and the incidence of the condition known as “floating toe”. [Subjects] A total of 198 children, aged 3 to 5 years old, participated in this study. [Methods] Height and weight were measured for body morphology, and foot length and width were measured for foot morphology. Footprint images were taken to calculate the number of floating toes. Information about the children’s height and weight at birth, and the time of starting to walk was obtained from their guardians. [Results] At least one floating toe was observed in 87.7–98.7% of the children depending on their ages. The fifth toe was most commonly affected, occurring in 74.2% of the study population. Among the body and foot morphology parameters, only weight at birth showed a significant but very weak correlation with the number of floating toes. [Conclusion] There was a high incidence of floating toe among the children, with the fifth toe most commonly affected. Floating toe weakly but significantly correlated with weight at birth, but did not correlated with other measures of physique at birth, physical development, or the time of starting to walk.

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Occurrence of Floating Toe from the Viewpoint of the Structure of Foot Arch

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Association between floating toe and toe grip strength in school age children: a cross-sectional study

Association between floating toe and toe grip strength in school age children: a cross-sectional study

The effect of the kindergarten barefoot policy on preschool children’s toes

Incidence of floating toe and its association with the physique and foot morphology of Japanese children

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