Occurrence of filamentous fungi in maize destined for human consumption in South Africa

Ekwomadu, Theodora Ijeoma; Gopane, Ramokone; Mwanza, Mulunda

doi:10.1002/fsn3.561

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…As other studies reported, some of the most prevalent genera in corn were Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Trichoderma (Bhattacharya and Raha, 2012;Niaz and Dawar, 2009;Ekwomadu et al, 2018). In line with our study, Askun (2006) found that Fusarium (82%), Penicillium (63%), and Aspergillus species (33%) were the most predominant fungi in corn compared to other genera.…”

Section: Impact Of Selective Infrared Heating On Fungal Communitysupporting

confidence: 90%

Decontamination of mycotoxigenic fungi on shelled corn using selective infrared heating technique

et al. 2021

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Mycotoxigenic fungal contamination of corn poses significant health-related risks to consumers (Shad and Atungulu, 2017; Atungulu et al., 2018). The most prevalent mycotoxins that contaminate corn in the United States include aflatoxins, fumonisins, and deoxynivalenol (Abbas et al., 2002; Mohammadi Shad et al., 2019b; Robens & Cardwell, 2003; Wu et al., 2011). Chauhan et al. (2016) conducted a study on fungal infection, and aflatoxin contamination in corn collected from the Gedeo zone in Ethiopia and found that Aspergillus (75%), Fusarium (11%), Penicillium (8%), and Trichoderma (6%) were the predominant genera of fungi that contaminated the corn grains. Aflatoxins (produced by Aspergillus), deoxynivalenol, and fumonisins (produced by Fusarium) were also found in locally grown corn in 18 African nations during 2007 and 2008 (Probst et al., 2014). Lane et al. (2018) also found that Fusarium was the most abundant genus after exploring the fungal microbiome of corn during hermetic storage in the United States and Kenya.

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Section: Impact Of Selective Infrared Heating On Fungal Communitysupporting

confidence: 90%

Decontamination of mycotoxigenic fungi on shelled corn using selective infrared heating technique

et al. 2021

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“…Mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species are found on grains cultivated on every continent. The susceptibility of maize to Fusarium fungi and mycotoxins contamination is well documented [51][52][53]. All the maize samples analyzed in this study were contaminated with an average of 5 to 24 out of 42 Fusarium mycotoxins, including 0 to 3 masked forms at the same time.…”

Section: General Mycotoxin Occurrence Datamentioning

confidence: 96%

Variation of Fusarium Free, Masked, and Emerging Mycotoxin Metabolites in Maize from Agriculture Regions of South Africa

Ekwomadu

Dada

Nleya

et al. 2020

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The presence of mycotoxins in cereal grain is a very important food safety issue with the occurrence of masked mycotoxins extensively investigated in recent years. This study investigated the variation of different Fusarium metabolites (including the related regulated, masked, and emerging mycotoxin) in maize from various agriculture regions of South Africa. The relationship between the maize producing regions, the maize type, as well as the mycotoxins was established. A total of 123 maize samples was analyzed by a LC-MS/MS multi-mycotoxin method. The results revealed that all maize types exhibited a mixture of free, masked, and emerging mycotoxins contamination across the regions with an average of 5 and up to 24 out of 42 investigated Fusarium mycotoxins, including 1 to 3 masked forms at the same time. Data obtained show that fumonisin B 1, B 2, B 3, B 4 , and A 1 were the most prevalent mycotoxins and had maximum contamination levels of 8908, 3383, 990, 1014, and 51.5 µg/kg, respectively. Deoxynivalenol occurred in 50% of the samples with a mean concentration of 152 µg/kg (max 1380 µg/kg). Thirty-three percent of the samples were contaminated with zearalenone at a mean concentration of 13.6 µg/kg (max 146 µg/kg). Of the masked mycotoxins, DON-3-glucoside occurred at a high incidence level of 53%. Among emerging toxins, moniliformin, fusarinolic acid, and beauvericin showed high occurrences at 98%, 98%, and 83%, and had maximum contamination levels of 1130, 3422, and 142 µg/kg, respectively. Significant differences in the contamination pattern were observed between the agricultural regions and maize types.

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“…Maize crops are very susceptible to fungal attacks, both in the field and during storage (Mutiga et al, 2019). Depending on environmental conditions, a fungal infection might be mainly produced by species of Aspergillus (Sserumaga et al, 2020), Fusarium (Castañares et al, 2019) and Penicillium (Ekwomadu et al, 2018). Such fungi possess a unique biochemical pathway to assimilate a vast array of available substrates which may result in the production of toxic secondary metabolites, such as mycotoxins (Singh, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Biolog® Identification System for Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi Associated with Maize (Zea mays L.) Contamination in Romania

Smeu¹,

Cucu²,

Dobre³

et al. 2020

UASVMCN-AGR

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Cereals are very susceptible to fungal attacks. Fungi have a unique biochemical pathway to assimilate a vast array of available substrates and produce toxic secondary metabolites, such as mycotoxins, which represent a clear public health concern. In this context, a maize survey was conducted in order to assess the diversity of mycotoxin-producing fungi. Low levels of total aflatoxins, acceptable by the European Union, were detected in maize samples. A semi-automated Biolog® Microbial Identification System was used for the identification of the fungal strains. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the quantification of total aflatoxins. The results indicated that Fusarium udum and Rhizopus oryzae were the prevalent fungi for the assessed maize samples, while both control and treated samples showed low levels of total aflatoxins, which did not exceed 1.5 μg kg-1. The registered total aflatoxin concentrations were consistent with the European regulations.

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Occurrence of filamentous fungi in maize destined for human consumption in South Africa

Cited by 29 publications

References 39 publications

Decontamination of mycotoxigenic fungi on shelled corn using selective infrared heating technique

Decontamination of mycotoxigenic fungi on shelled corn using selective infrared heating technique

Variation of Fusarium Free, Masked, and Emerging Mycotoxin Metabolites in Maize from Agriculture Regions of South Africa

Application of the Biolog® Identification System for Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi Associated with Maize (Zea mays L.) Contamination in Romania

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