Occurrence of Fetal Macrosomia Rate and Its Maternal and Neonatal Complications: A 5-Year Cohort Study

Abstract

Background. Macrosomia is defined as an infant's birth weight of more than 4000 g at term which is to different maternal and neonatal complications. Several studies have been done on factors influencing risk of macrosomia, but there is lack of information and study in our country regarding macrosomia complications. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of macrosomia and its complications. Method. A cohort study was conducted from 2007 to 2011 at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Razi Hospital in Ahvaz city, Iran. All pregnant mothers who were referred to Obstetrics and Gynecology Department for delivery were included in this study. The total number of 201,102 pregnant mothers was recruited and divided into case and control groups after delivery (macrosomia (case) and normal weight infants (control) groups). Results. Out of total deliveries (201,102), there were 1800 macrosomia, (9%). Gestational diabetes, maternal obesity (BMI), maternal aged and positive history of previous macrosomia were the major risk factors for macrosomia which were compared with the normal weight infant groups (P < 0.001 for all parameters). Neonatal complications associated with macrosomia included humerus—clavicle fractures and arm—brachial plexus injury which were significant compared to the control group (P < 0.001 for all parameters). Conclusion. The macrosomia is potentially dangerous for the mother and the neonate. It is important to recognize the suspected fetal macrosomia to prevent its risk factors and complications. There is a need to provide all delivery facilities and care services to prevent and reduce the maternal and neonatal macrosomia complications.

Comparison of maternal and fetal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosed either by oral glucose tolerance test or diabetes in pregnancy study group India

“…19 Najafian et al found incidence of macrosomia in 9% cases. 20 Balaji et al found incidence of macrosomia in India as 9.9%. 21 In present study, macrosomia was seen in 14% of baby of DIPSI group and 10% of OGTT group.…”

Macrosomic Newborn and Glucose Level in Lean Pregnant Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya

“…2 Several studies have been conducted on risk factors of macrosomia, however, information and study in macrosomia complications are scarce. 3 Fetal macrosomia may result in complications such as shoulder dystocia, birth asphyxia, nerve injuries, clavicular and humerus fractures in neonates, leading to admission to the intensive-care nursery and an increased of perinatal mortality for the newborn. Furthermore, vaginal and perineal trauma, uterine rupture, postpartum infection and hemorrhage to the mother may occur.4 Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the relationship between macrosomia and glucose level during pregnancy.…”

Possibilities of diagnosis fetal macrosomia at present stage

“…Частота родов крупным плодом, по данным литературных источников, в последние годы составляет 4,5-20 % [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Роды плодом с массой тела 4000-4500 г наблюдаются в 7,6 %, 4500-5000 г -в 1,2 %, 5000 г и болеев 0,2 % случаев [7].…”

“…Частота родов крупным плодом, по данным литературных источников, в последние годы составляет 4,5-20 % [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Роды плодом с массой тела 4000-4500 г наблюдаются в 7,6 %, 4500-5000 г -в 1,2 %, 5000 г и болеев 0,2 % случаев [7]. Высокие показатели асфиксии (9,2-34,2 %), родового травматизма (10,9-24 %) при родах крупным плодом через естественные родовые пути имеют большое медицинское и, несомненно, социальное значение [2,3,7].…”

“…Роды плодом с массой тела 4000-4500 г наблюдаются в 7,6 %, 4500-5000 г -в 1,2 %, 5000 г и болеев 0,2 % случаев [7]. Высокие показатели асфиксии (9,2-34,2 %), родового травматизма (10,9-24 %) при родах крупным плодом через естественные родовые пути имеют большое медицинское и, несомненно, социальное значение [2,3,7]. В случае самопроизвольных родов при макросомии плода в последующем у новорожденных нередко наблюдается нарушение мозгового кровообращения, а также симптоматика, связанная с повреждением плечевого сплетения [8][9][10].…”