Occurrence of FImeplasmids in multiply antimicrobial-resistantEscherichia coliisolated from urinary tract infection

Riley, Peter; Threlfall, E. J.; Cheasty, T.; Wooldridge, Karl G.; Williams, Peter H.; Phillips, Ian

doi:10.1017/s0950268800050883

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Multiply antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains were found to be widespread contaminants of market vegetables in London during the investigation of a community outbreak of E. coli O15 infection, although we failed to find the epidemic strain among them. 95,96 Fish farming involves the use of antibiotics (although this is diminishing in Europe), and fish as food may be contaminated with resistant bacteria. 59 Furthermore, antibiotics are widely used to prevent bacterial diseases in plants: tetracyclines and aminoglycosides are used to protect fruit trees from fire blight.…”

Section: Transfer Of Resistant Bacteria From Animals To Man By the Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a large epidemic in London, no source was found for the E. coli O15, which was highly antibiotic-resistant and virulent, which caused an excess of urinary tract infections in the community, and at the height of the epidemic colonized some 10% of the citizens of south London. 95 Four years later the strain had completely disappeared, 96 but it was later found in Spain. 234 Similar strains have recently been found in the USA, 235 and although there has been speculation in relation to a possible animal source, none has been found.…”

Section: Protective Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does the use of antibiotics in food animals pose a risk to human health? A critical review of published data

Phillips¹

2003

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

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897

553

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The use of antibiotics in food animals selects for bacteria resistant to antibiotics used in humans, and these might spread via the food to humans and cause human infection, hence the banning of growth-promoters. The actual danger seems small, and there might be disadvantages to human and to animal health. The low dosages used for growth promotion are an unquantified hazard. Although some antibiotics are used both in animals and humans, most of the resistance problem in humans has arisen from human use. Resistance can be selected in food animals, and resistant bacteria can contaminate animal-derived food, but adequate cooking destroys them. How often they colonize the human gut, and transfer resistance genes is not known. In zoonotic salmonellosis, resistance may arise in animals or humans, but human cross-infection is common. The case of campylobacter infection is less clear. The normal human faecal flora can contain resistant enterococci, but indistinguishable strains in animals and man are uncommon, possibly because most animal enterococci do not establish themselves in the human intestine. There is no correlation between the carriage of resistant enterococci of possible animal origin and human infection with resistant strains. Commensal Escherichia coli also exhibits host-animal preferences. Anti-Gram-positive growth promoters would be expected to have little effect on most Gram-negative organisms. Even if resistant pathogens do reach man, the clinical consequences of resistance may be small. The application of the 'precautionary principle' is a non-scientific approach that assumes that risk assessments will be carried out.

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Section: Transfer Of Resistant Bacteria From Animals To Man By the Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Protective Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the use of antibiotics in food animals pose a risk to human health? A critical review of published data

Phillips¹

2003

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Self Cite

897

553

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other studies suggest that antibiotic resistance, once acquired, is lost very slowly. These relate not only to laboratory experiments [12,13] but also to real-life experience, such as the persistence of chloramphenicol [14] or streptomycin [15] resistance among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, and persistence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Norway after the avoparcin ban [16].…”

Section: The Consequences Expected To Results From Prudent Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Prudent Use of Antibiotics: Are Our Expectations Justified?

Phillips

2001

CLIN INFECT DIS

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Prudent use of antibiotics has 3 components, rational use, adherence to local guidelines and policies, and avoidance or reversal of upward demographic trends in antibiotic resistance. Although rational use is mandatory, it must be recognized that adherence to policies will reduce clinical freedom, for good or ill. Expectations that prudent use will deliver reversals in resistance trends should be accepted with caution. Sound, pertinent data are lacking, and our ability to detect change, if it does occur, and to attribute its cause correctly, is questionable.

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“…These two genetically distinct systems nonetheless produce siderophores with identical structures. Interestingly, the aerobactin cluster is also found on non-ColV R plasmids of Salmonella and E. coli (38,60,62,63). In contrast to the case of pSMN1, the aerobactin sequences found on ColV and E. coli and Salmonella R plasmids are conserved and linked to the repFIB replication region (37, 62).…”

Section: Aerobactin Iron Uptake Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmid-Encoded Iron Uptake Systems

Lorenzo

Stork

2015

Plasmids

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Plasmids confer genetic information that benefits the bacterial cells containing them. In pathogenic bacteria, plasmids often harbor virulence determinants that enhance the pathogenicity of the bacterium. The ability to acquire iron in environments where it is limited, for instance the eukaryotic host, is a critical factor for bacterial growth. To acquire iron, bacteria have evolved specific iron uptake mechanisms. These systems are often chromosomally encoded, while those that are plasmid-encoded are rare. Two main plasmid types, ColV and pJM1, have been shown to harbor determinants that increase virulence by providing the cell with essential iron for growth. It is clear that these two plasmid groups evolved independently from each other since they do not share similarities either in the plasmid backbones or in the iron uptake systems they harbor. The siderophores aerobactin and salmochelin that are found on ColV plasmids fall in the hydroxamate and catechol group, respectively, whereas both functional groups are present in the anguibactin siderophore, the only iron uptake system found on pJM1-type plasmids. Besides siderophore-mediated iron uptake, ColV plasmids carry additional genes involved in iron metabolism. These systems include ABC transporters, hemolysins, and a hemoglobin protease. ColV-and pJM1-like plasmids have been shown to confer virulence to their bacterial host, and this trait can be completely ascribed to their encoded iron uptake systems.

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Occurrence of F_Imeplasmids in multiply antimicrobial-resistantEscherichia coliisolated from urinary tract infection

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Does the use of antibiotics in food animals pose a risk to human health? A critical review of published data

Does the use of antibiotics in food animals pose a risk to human health? A critical review of published data

Prudent Use of Antibiotics: Are Our Expectations Justified?

Plasmid-Encoded Iron Uptake Systems

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