Occurrence of enteroviruses, noroviruses, rotaviruses, and adenoviruses in a wastewater treatment plant

Abstract

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the quality of wastewater by molecular identification of enteroviruses, rotaviruses, and adenoviruses in wastewater samples collected from the ElSerw wastewater treatment facility in Damietta Governorate, Egypt. An additional objective is to assess the usefulness of these viruses as markers of viral reduction during wastewater treatment. A treatment facility's inflow and discharge were sampled 48 times. The incidence of enteric viruses was found in 29 wastewater samples (60.4%). 6.25% (3/48), 0% (0/48), 37.5% (18/48), and 20.8% (10/48) of the samples tested positive for enteroviruses (EVs), noroviruses, rotaviruses, and adenoviruses, respectively. Co-infections with two or more viruses were found in 10.4% (5/48) and 2% (1/48) of all cases, respectively. The viral burden in the wastewater treatment plant's discharge effluents dropped non-significantly when compared to intake samples. According to our findings, rotaviruses and adenoviruses have been found in 10 outlet effluent samples. The removal rates for enteroviruses, rotaviruses and adenoviruses were 39%, 61.5% and 33.3%, respectively. As a result of their high frequency and lower removal rates, both rotaviruses and adenoviruses were deemed an appropriate indicator of human enteric viral reduction during the wastewater treatment process.

Detection of Human Adenovirus and Rotavirus in Untreated Wastewater in Lusaka, Zambia: Opportunity for Establishment of Wastewater Surveillance System for the Community

“…Since HAdV is widely present and stable in the environment, the virus is currently considered a suitable indicator [5]. In addition to being a viral indicator, HAdV is still one of the main causes of diarrhoea in both immunocompromised adults and younger populations [6]. Adenovirus is a double-stranded, non-enveloped DNA virus belonging to the family Adenovidae and comprises six genera, (Mastadenovirus, Aviadenovirus, Atadenovirus, Siadenovirus, Ichtadenovirus, and Testadenovirus) [3].…”

Detection of Human Adenovirus and Rotavirus in Wastewater in Lusaka, Zambia: Demonstrating the Utility of Environmental Surveillance for the Community

“…The adenovirus is a good candidate as an indicator due to its abundance and ease of detection. HAdV is also associated with a wide range of illnesses affecting the respiratory [ 6 ] and gastrointestinal [ 7 ] systems of both symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. These features of the adenovirus result in a high concentration of the virus being excreted in the feces.…”

“…While vaccines for RVA have been developed and adequately administered in Zambia [ 10 ], the reports highlight low efficacy, particularly in developing countries [ 11 , 12 ]. Zambia introduced the Rotarix™ vaccine in 2012, and this G1P [ 7 ] monovalent, live-attenuated vaccine has demonstrated adequate protection against severe disease [ 13 , 14 ].…”