Occurrence of diabetes mellitus in obese nondiabetic patients, with correlative analysis of visceral fat, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance: A 3-year follow-up study (mysore visceral adiposity in diabetes follow-up study)

Abstract

Objective:To assess the occurrence of diabetes in obese nondiabetic patients over a 3-year follow-up period with a correlative analysis of visceral fat (VF), fasting insulin levels, (FILs) and insulin resistance (IR).Material and Methods:Thirty-seven obese and nineteen nonobese nondiabetics of our previous study, Mysore Visceral Adiposity in Diabetes were followed for the next 3 years. Their blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference (WC), fasting blood sugar (FBS), FIL, lipid profile and subcutaneous fat (SCF), and VF measurement by US method were repeated every 6 months for the next 3 years. The findings were analyzed with appropriate statistical methods.Results:Twenty-three obese and 18 nonobese nondiabetics completed the study. There were 17 dropouts. The changes in the physical and biochemical characteristics of the two groups before and after the study were not significant. SCF had no correlation with IR whereas VF correlated with FIL and IR. There were three diabetics in the obese group and two from the control group at the end of the study. There were 12 impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in the test group and 2 in the control group. Those who developed diabetes had higher VF, WC, FBS, FIL, and IR. Those who showed IGT also had these at higher levels compared to others. There was no change in the VF at the end of the study.Conclusions:This follow-up study on South Indians has shown that VF is a significant risk factor for the development of IR. IR can develop without any increase in the volume of the VF, is the essential finding of this study. SCF has not shown any significant relationship with IR. We recommend FBS and FIL in all the obese nondiabetics to calculate IR, which has given much insight in the development of IGT and diabetes. Large multicentric, longitudinal studies are required to establish the cause of IR.

Correlation between muscle mass, nutritional status and physical performance of elderly people

“…However, in our study, the NC was the one that best correlated with SMM. It has recently been found that elderly people with greater NC enable the identification of overweight and obesity [ 13 , 14 ] and there is a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases [ 11 , 12 ]. Therefore, being more reliable than traditional risk markers, such as the BMI [ 30 ], which had a weaker correlation, and the MNA that had no correlation with the SMM equations, suggesting that anthropometric measures are more efficient for stratification of nutritional status [ 15 ].…”

“…Thus, the determination of the SMM may be important for the diagnosis and monitoring of pathologies related to sarcopenia and nutritional aspects [ 4 ] or for the behavior analysis of this body component in people who participate in physical exercise programs [ 10 ]. Anthropometric indicators that allow the identification of the development of heart disease [ 11 , 12 ], overweight and obesity [ 13 , 14 ] and sarcopenia [ 8 , 9 ] are used to determine the existing relationship between nontransmissible chronic diseases, obesity and muscle decrease. Therefore, considering the population aging and the increase in life expectancy for elderly people, there is a need for studies that focus on preventive measures, less expensive, to minimize body changes that occur due to inadequate aging.…”

Correlation of subcutaneous fat measured on ultrasound with Body Mass Index

“…It is said in a previous study that ultrasound is a reliable and easier method of measuring abdominal fat and the actual measurement of abdominal fat by ultrasound are more informative than other anthropometric measurements. [20] Our study was carried out to see whether the results in our population matches with previous studies or not.…”

Assessing Oxidative Stress by Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis Among Vitamin D-Deficient Patients

“…Conflicting results have been obtained among studies attempting to address the effects of supplementation of VitD on oxidative stress. Although there have been works indicating that VitD supplementation can reduce the oxidative stress seen in cases of type 2 DM, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, or polycystic ovarian syndrome, and even in asymptomatic individuals, there are also studies reporting that it does not affect oxidative stress [11,24,[35][36][37][38][39][40]. The effects of VitD replacement on T/DS homeostasis were not assessed in our study, but we believe that a study of the changes in T/DS homeostasis after VitD replacement would be useful in understanding relationships that may exist between VitD and oxidative stress.…”