“…; Mimbs et al. ) and, based on limits of reporting, were de tected at a greater proportion of our study wetlands (bifenthrin 82%, diuron 88%, and trifloxystrobin 27%) than the other 6 pesticides. Bifenthrin is a synthetic pyrethroid used in residential developments (e.g., for termite control); diuron is a photosynthesis‐inhibiting herbicide used primarily for weed control; and trifloxystrobin is a strobilurin fungicide commonly used to control mildews and brown patch of turf grass (Marshall et al.…”
Urban sprawl and the rising popularity of water-sensitive urban design of urban landscapes has led to a global surge in the number of wetlands constructed to collect and treat stormwater runoff in cities. However, contaminants, such as heavy metals and pesticides, in stormwater adversely affect the survival, growth, and reproduction of animals inhabiting these wetlands. A key question is whether wildlife can identify and avoid highly polluted wetlands. We investigated whether pond-breeding frogs are attempting to breed in wetlands that affect the fitness of their offspring across 67 urban wetlands in Melbourne, Australia. Frog species richness and the concentration of contaminants (heavy metals and pesticides) were not significantly related, even in the most polluted wetlands. The proportion of fringing vegetation at a wetland had the greatest positive influence on the number of frog species present and the probability of occurrence of individual species, indicating that frogs inhabited wetlands with abundant vegetation, regardless of their pollution status. These wetlands contained contaminant levels similar to urban wetlands around the world at levels that reduce larval amphibian survival. These results are, thus, likely generalizable to other areas, suggesting that urban managers could inadvertently be creating ecological traps in countless cities. Wetlands are important tools for the management of urban stormwater runoff, but their construction should not facilitate declines in wetland-dependent urban wildlife.
“…; Mimbs et al. ) and, based on limits of reporting, were de tected at a greater proportion of our study wetlands (bifenthrin 82%, diuron 88%, and trifloxystrobin 27%) than the other 6 pesticides. Bifenthrin is a synthetic pyrethroid used in residential developments (e.g., for termite control); diuron is a photosynthesis‐inhibiting herbicide used primarily for weed control; and trifloxystrobin is a strobilurin fungicide commonly used to control mildews and brown patch of turf grass (Marshall et al.…”
Urban sprawl and the rising popularity of water-sensitive urban design of urban landscapes has led to a global surge in the number of wetlands constructed to collect and treat stormwater runoff in cities. However, contaminants, such as heavy metals and pesticides, in stormwater adversely affect the survival, growth, and reproduction of animals inhabiting these wetlands. A key question is whether wildlife can identify and avoid highly polluted wetlands. We investigated whether pond-breeding frogs are attempting to breed in wetlands that affect the fitness of their offspring across 67 urban wetlands in Melbourne, Australia. Frog species richness and the concentration of contaminants (heavy metals and pesticides) were not significantly related, even in the most polluted wetlands. The proportion of fringing vegetation at a wetland had the greatest positive influence on the number of frog species present and the probability of occurrence of individual species, indicating that frogs inhabited wetlands with abundant vegetation, regardless of their pollution status. These wetlands contained contaminant levels similar to urban wetlands around the world at levels that reduce larval amphibian survival. These results are, thus, likely generalizable to other areas, suggesting that urban managers could inadvertently be creating ecological traps in countless cities. Wetlands are important tools for the management of urban stormwater runoff, but their construction should not facilitate declines in wetland-dependent urban wildlife.
“…In areas of broad use of fungicides in the USA, at least two fungicides were detected in 55% of bed sediments and 83% of suspended solid, sampled from three different geographic areas, showing that these chemicals can persist in the environment in variable concentrations [163]. Again, in a USA study, during a heavy fungicide application period, azole fungicides such as propiconazole and metconazole, in addition to other classes of fungicides, were found in different types of wetlands located in and near those fields [164]. In an important region for rice growing in Brazil, high levels of tebuconazole (up to 460 ng•L −1 ) were found in surface and drinking waters [165].…”
Section: Contamination Of the Environment With Pesticidesmentioning
The One Health context considers health based on three pillars: humans, animals, and environment. This approach is a strong ally in the surveillance of infectious diseases and in the development of prevention strategies. Aspergillus spp. are fungi that fit substantially in this context, in view of their ubiquity, as well as their importance as plant pathogens, and potentially fatal pathogens for, particularly, humans and avian species. In addition, the emergence of azole resistance, mainly in Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto, and the proven role of fungicides widely used on crops, reinforces the need for a multidisciplinary approach to this problem. Avian species are involved in short and long distance travel between different types of landscapes, such as agricultural fields, natural environments and urban environments. Thus, birds can play an important role in the dispersion of Aspergillus, and of special concern, azole-resistant strains. In addition, some bird species are particularly susceptible to aspergillosis. Therefore, avian aspergillosis could be considered as an environmental health indicator. In this review, aspergillosis in humans and birds will be discussed, with focus on the presence of Aspergillus in the environment. We will relate these issues with the emergence of azole resistance on Aspergillus. These topics will be therefore considered and reviewed from the “One Health” perspective.
“…SP contamination is extensively observed in soil, water, streambed sediments and indoor dust. For instance, a maximum value of 901 ng/L of SP has been detected in the surface water samples of California coastal watersheds, with bifenthrin being the most commonly detected SP [10,11]. The maximum concentration of SP pesticides found in the surface waters of the Pearl River Basin (China) was 29.72 g/L [12].…”
Background: There is increasing awareness of the significance of the gut microbiome to host health, and a clear relationship has been established between the perturbed gut microbiome and multiple diseases. Cis-bifenthrin, a widely used agricultural pyrethroid insecticide, has been implicated as a cause of hepatotoxicity due to the oxidative stress produced during its metabolism by the liver. Studies have demonstrated the role of gut microbiota in gut-liver axis, it is possible that the perturbation of gut microbiota may also contribute to the toxicity of cis-bifenthrin on the liver.Results: 16S rRNA gene sequencing suggested that cis-bifenthrin exposure significantly perturbed the gut microbiota composition, and metabolomics analysis showed signature metabolic shifts arising from exposure. Moreover, we also found altered functional regulation of lipids in the liver after cis-bifenthrin exposure, and the accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes was observed.Conclusions: Our results suggested cis-bifenthrin exposure disturbed the gut microbiota community and metabolite profile in frogs. Specifically, changes in bile acid metabolites altered bile acid hepatoenteral circulation, which affected lipid metabolism in the liver and ultimately caused the development of fatty liver disease. Our findings reveal novel insights into gut microbiota-host axis in frogs, and the perturbed microbial function provides novel mechanism contributing to cis-bifenthrin-induced toxicity.
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