Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and other enteropathogens and their association with diarrhea in dairy calves of Buenos Aires province, Argentina

Garro, Carlos; Morici, Gabriel; Tomazic, Mariela Luján; Vilte, Daniel A.; Encinas, Micaela; Vega, Celina G.; Bok, Marina; Parreño, Viviana; Schnittger, Leonhard

doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100567

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Cryptosporidium parvum is considered the predominant species in calves up to 2 months of age ( Santín et al, 2008 ; Follet et al, 2011 ; Amer et al, 2013 ; Tomazic et al, 2018 ), but, in a few cases, infection with C. bovis in this age group has also been reported in Sweden, China, Canada, India, and the USA ( Feng et al, 2007 ; Silverlås et al, 2010 ; Budu Amoako et al, 2012 ; Wang et al, 2017 ). Notwithstanding, only C. parvum is considered pathogenic, representing the principal causative agent of calf scours, characterised by diverse degrees of diarrhoea, anorexia, and abdominal pain, and which may lead to death ( Nydam et al, 2001 ; Thompson et al, 2008 ; Tomazic et al, 2013 ; Del Coco et al, 2014 ; Cho and Yoon, 2014 ; Lombardelli et al, 2019 ; Garro et al, 2021 ; Bertoni et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Overview Of Bovine Cryptosporidiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In more recent studies, the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. infection has been determined in five extensive and well-projected epidemiological regional studies including a large number of animals sampled from many dairy farms ( n ≤ 19 to 54 dairy herds) in the provinces of Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Salta ( Garro et al, 2016 , 2021 ; Tiranti et al, 2011 ; Lombardelli et al, 2019 ; Bertoni et al, 2021 ) ( Fig. 1 , Table 1 ).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Cryptosporidium Spp Infecti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In two independent studies carried out in different extended regions of the Buenos Aires Province, a similar prevalence of 26.6% and 29.8% was found in calves ≤ 20 days of age. However, the first value may represent an underestimation since oocyst concentration was not applied ( Table 1 ; Garro et al, 2016 , 2021 ). Interestingly, a similar infection rate of 24.0% oocyst-excreting calves from a single dairy herd has been also reported by Del Coco et al (2008) ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Cryptosporidium Spp Infecti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Prevalence, risk factors and molecular epidemiology of neonatal cryptosporidiosis in calves: The Argentine perspective

de Alba,

Garro,

Florin-Christensen

et al. 2023

Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases

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Section: Overview Of Bovine Cryptosporidiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence Of Cryptosporidium Spp Infecti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence Of Cryptosporidium Spp Infecti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence, risk factors and molecular epidemiology of neonatal cryptosporidiosis in calves: The Argentine perspective

de Alba,

Garro,

Florin-Christensen

et al. 2023

Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases

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“…was found to be the main etiological factor of diarrhea in the neonatal calf group, while Rotavirus of group A appeared to play only a secondary role in the etiology of diarrhea, suggesting that these infectious events could be independent. In contrast, mixed infection were virtually absent in older calves [ 108 ].…”

Section: Microbiota and Cryptosporidium Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium: Still Open Scenarios

Pane

Putignani

2022

Pathogens

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Cryptosporidiosis is increasingly identified as a leading cause of childhood diarrhea and malnutrition in both low-income and high-income countries. The strong impact on public health in epidemic scenarios makes it increasingly essential to identify the sources of infection and understand the transmission routes in order to apply the right prevention or treatment protocols. The objective of this literature review was to present an overview of the current state of human cryptosporidiosis, reviewing risk factors, discussing advances in the drug treatment and epidemiology, and emphasizing the need to identify a government system for reporting diagnosed cases, hitherto undervalued.

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“…Among them, Cryptosporidium spp. and rotavirus are considered primary causes of calf diarrhoea (Caffarena et al., 2021; Garro et al., 2021). Such data are relatively scarce from China, but preliminary evidence indicates this could be also the case (Wei et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diarrhoea outbreak caused by coinfections of Cryptosporidium parvum subtype IIdA20G1 and rotavirus in pre‐weaned dairy calves

Zhao

Song

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Diarrhoea is one of the most important syndromes in neonatal calves. In industrialized nations with intensive animal farming, Cryptosporidium spp. and rotavirus are primary causes of calf diarrhoea, but the role of these and other enteric pathogens is not clear in China. In November and December 2018, a diarrhoea outbreak was identified in over 150 pre‐weaned calves on a dairy farm in Heilongjiang Province, northeast China and approximately 60 calves died. To determine the cause of the outbreak, we analyzed 131 faecal samples collected from pre‐weaned calves (0–2 months) during (n = 114) and after the outbreak (n = 17). Initially, 10 diarrheic samples during the outbreak and 10 non‐diarrheic samples after the outbreak were screened for rotavirus, coronavirus, Escherichia coli K99 and Cryptosporidium parvum by using an enzymatic immunoassay (EIA). In addition, 81 other samples were tested specifically for rotavirus by EIA, and all 131 samples were analyzed for Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi by PCR. The initial EIA analysis identified C. parvum (8/10) and rotavirus (5/10) as the dominant pathogens in calves during the outbreak, while both pathogens were detected at lower frequency after the outbreak (2/10 and 1/10, respectively). Further PCR analyses indicated that the occurrence of C. parvum infections in calves was significantly higher during the outbreak (75.4%, 86/114) than after the outbreak (11.8%, 2/17; odds ratio [OR] = 23.0), and was significantly associated with the occurrence of watery diarrhoea (OR = 15.7) and high oocyst shedding intensity. All C. parvum isolates were identified as subtype IIdA20G1. Among other pathogens analyzed, the overall prevalence of rotavirus, G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi was 19.8% (20/101), 38.9% (51/131) and 42.0% (55/131) in calves, respectively, without significant differences during and after the outbreak. Among the three pathogens, only the rotavirus infection was associated with diarrhoea in calves. More importantly, coinfections of C. parvum and rotavirus were significantly associated with the occurrence of watery diarrhoea in calves and were seen only during the outbreak. Thus, C. parvum subtype IIdA20G1 and rotavirus appeared to be responsible for this diarrhoea outbreak. Control measures should be implemented to effectively prevent the concurrent transmission of these enteric pathogens in pre‐weaned dairy calves in China.

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Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and other enteropathogens and their association with diarrhea in dairy calves of Buenos Aires province, Argentina

Cited by 5 publications

References 52 publications

Prevalence, risk factors and molecular epidemiology of neonatal cryptosporidiosis in calves: The Argentine perspective

Prevalence, risk factors and molecular epidemiology of neonatal cryptosporidiosis in calves: The Argentine perspective

Cryptosporidium: Still Open Scenarios

Diarrhoea outbreak caused by coinfections of Cryptosporidium parvum subtype IIdA20G1 and rotavirus in pre‐weaned dairy calves

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