Occurrence of Ceramide Aminoethylphosphonate in Edible Shellfish, AGEMAKI,Sinonovacula constricta

Lipid Profile and Glycerophospholipid Molecular Species in Two Species of Edible Razor Clams Sinonovacula constricta and Solen gouldi

“…Lipid content of razor clams varies due to the existing differences in species, body parts, and harvesting time. Carro et al reported that razor clam ( Ensis siliqua ) meat contained about 5.5% of lipid (Carro et al, ) while Tamari and Kandatsu reported that razor clam ( Sinonovacula constricta ) meat contained about 11.0% of lipid (Tamari and Kandatsu, ). However, Yan et al reported that the freeze‐dried gonads, foot, and adductor muscles from razor clam Sinonovacula constricta harvested in different seasons contained about 14.5–24.7%, 5.5–13.8%, and 3.8–8.0% of lipid, respectively (Yan et al, ).…”

In Vitro and in Vivo Anti-angiogenic Activities and Inhibition of Hormone-Dependent and -Independent Breast Cancer Cells by Ceramide Methylaminoethylphosphonate

“…CMAEPn and CAEPn consist of 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid substituted on the primary hydroxyl group of a characteristic sphingosine base (7 ). The structure of CMAEPn, which consists of a C-P bond, is highly resistant to endogenous hydrolytic enzymes, and the presence of CMAEPn as a cell membrane structural molecule and its highly ionic nature may play a role in membrane permeability to small ions from an aqueous environment into the intercellular space of the invertebrate and stabilization against the effects of hydrolytic enzymes, such as phospholipases and phosphatases, which are very active in the gastrointestinal tract of these marine species (7 ). Phosphonolipids may play a role in the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, which is known to stimulate cell division and inhibit apoptosis in several cell types; however, data to confirm or refute this hypothesis have never been reported (8 ).…”

“…Phosphonolipids may play a role in the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, which is known to stimulate cell division and inhibit apoptosis in several cell types; however, data to confirm or refute this hypothesis have never been reported (8 ). The occurrence of 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid in human tissues has been reported possibly as a result of ingestion of shellfish (7 ).…”

“…Ceramide methylaminoethylphosphonate (CMAEPn) and ceramide aminoethylphosphonate (CAEPn) are naturally occurring sphingophosphonolipids (Figure ) widely distributed in marine invertebrates, including several freshwater and marine bivalves, snails, edible mollusks, jellyfish, shellfish, gastropods of land as well as freshwater and marine origin, and anemones − . CMAEPn and CAEPn consist of 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid substituted on the primary hydroxyl group of a characteristic sphingosine base . The structure of CMAEPn, which consists of a C−P bond, is highly resistant to endogenous hydrolytic enzymes, and the presence of CMAEPn as a cell membrane structural molecule and its highly ionic nature may play a role in membrane permeability to small ions from an aqueous environment into the intercellular space of the invertebrate and stabilization against the effects of hydrolytic enzymes, such as phospholipases and phosphatases, which are very active in the gastrointestinal tract of these marine species .…”