Occurrence of canine hemotropic mycoplasmas in domestic dogs from urban and rural areas of the Valdivia Province, southern Chile

Soto, Francisco; Walker, Romina; Sepúlveda, Maximiliano A.; Bittencourt, Pedro; Acosta‐Jamett, Gerardo; Müller, Ananda

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2016.11.013

Cited by 26 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The overall prevalence of hemoplasmas in in our study was similar to the prevalence observed in rural dogs in southern Chile [21], and in rural or free-ranging dogs worldwide, such as Australia [77] and Brazil [78]. Rural environments were suggested to be a risk factor for hemoplasma infections when compared with urban environments [21,79], and, accordingly, in free-ranging compared with domestic pet dogs [80]. We found similar prevalence for both hemoplasma species, coinciding with the ndings by Soto et al [21], although these authors did not detect any co-infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Rural environments were suggested to be a risk factor for hemoplasma infections when compared with urban environments [21,79], and, accordingly, in free-ranging compared with domestic pet dogs [80]. We found similar prevalence for both hemoplasma species, coinciding with the ndings by Soto et al [21], although these authors did not detect any co-infection. The observed higher infection percentage in older dogs may be explained by an increased probability of exposure throughout life and/or by the characteristic long-term bacteremia of hemoplasma infection [81,82].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…berkho i and Bartonella henselae was detected in dogs in southern Chile [19], and Bartonella rochalimae in Pulex irritans eas retrieved from dogs [20]. Hemotropic mycoplasmas, aka hemoplasmas, were molecularly detected in dogs in southern Chile [21] and Mycoplasma haemocanis was also found to be prevalent in Darwin´s foxes also in the south of the country [16]. The Metropolitan Region of Chile is an endemic area for Chagas' disease, with 1507 human cases noti ed in 2017 [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine vector-borne pathogens in rural dogs in Chile: molecular survey and co-infection patterns

Cevidanes¹,

Cataldo²,

Martín³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Canine vector-borne pathogens (CVBP) comprise a relevant and globally distributed group of disease agents. The aim of this study is to determine de co-occurrence of the most relevant CVBP of veterinary and zoonotic interest, in free-ranging, owned, rural dogs of central Chile, and to evaluate risk factors and potential non-apparent hematological alterations associated to pathogen co-infection by two or more agents.Methods: Nine groups of canine vector-borne pathogens (CVBP) were molecularly investigated in 111 free-ranging, owned rural dogs in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. Results: At least one pathogen was detected in 75% of the dogs. The most prevalent agent was Anaplasma platys (36%), followed by Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum (CMhp; 31%), Mycoplasma haemocanis (Mhc; 28%), Trypanosoma cruzi (17%), Leishmania spp. (4.5%) and Acanthocheilonema reconditum (1%). DNA of Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp., Piroplasmida and Hepatozoon spp. was not detected. Thirty-eight dogs (34%) were coinfected, either by two (n=20), three (n=7), or four agents (n=1). The most common co-infection pattern was CMhp – Mhc (n=14). CMhp was involved in 71%, Mhc in 58%, and A. platys in 50% of the co-infections. Prevalence of A. platys was higher in juvenile than in adult dogs, whereas the opposite was found for CMhp and Mhc. Adult dogs had five times more probabilities of being coinfected than young animals. Dogs positive for A. platys were infested by a larger number of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks than uninfected individuals. At clinical evaluation, most of the animals were considered healthy, with only eight dogs (7%) presenting pale mucous membranes. Co-infected animals showed higher white blood cell count, segmented neutrophil count and GGT levels than non-co-infected dogs. Conclusions: Widespread occurrence of and co-infection by CVBP was found in rural free-ranging dogs of central Chile. This study represents the first report of Leishmania spp. in Chile. Clinically healthy but infected dogs as those studied here may act as reservoirs of CVBP, potentially contributing to the spread of these pathogens to other tick-exposed dogs as well as human beings or wild carnivores.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine vector-borne pathogens in rural dogs in Chile: molecular survey and co-infection patterns

Cevidanes¹,

Cataldo²,

Martín³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In other studies, young and male dogs seemed to be more susceptible to canine hemoplasma infections [13, 23]. Other risk factors could include cross-breeding and mange infection [11], presence of vectors, older age, dog bite wounds, neoplastic diseases, dogs of rural vs urban localities [9, 24]. This heterogeneity of results in respect to possible risk factors for hemoplasma infection in dogs may reflect the presence of confounding factors or weak associations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, “CMhm” and “CMt” were detected in dogs in Japan [8] and Chile [9], respectively and “ Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum-like” was found in cats in Portugal [10], California [11] and Chile [12]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and molecular characterization of canine and feline hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) in northern Italy

Ravagnan

Carli

Piseddu³

et al. 2017

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundHemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas), the agents of infectious anemia, have been reported in dogs and cats. Little data are available on hemoplasma infections in Italy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the species of hemoplasmas and their prevalence in dogs and cats of northern Italy.MethodsBlood samples were obtained from 117 candidate blood donor dogs, 278 free-roaming dogs and 227 free-roaming cats in 2014 and 2015. Samples were first screened for hemoplasmas with a SYBR green real time PCR. The positive samples were confirmed by a second SYBR green real time PCR and sequencing. Co-infections were detected using species-specific SYBR green real time PCR.ResultsThe overall prevalence in dogs was 4.5% (18/395). Among the donors only one dog was positive for Mycoplasma haemocanis (0.8%). The overall prevalence of infection in free-roaming dogs was 6.1% (17/278), which was significantly higher than in candidate donors (P < 0.05). Both M. haemocanis (13/278; 4.7%) and “Candidatus M. haematoparvum” (4/278; 1.4%) were identified. In dogs, no significant association was found between hemoplasma infection and gender, age or origin. The overall prevalence in cats was 13.2% (30/227). All three feline hemoplasma species were detected, i.e. “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum” (28; 12.3%), “Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis” (11; 4.8%) and Mycoplasma haemofelis (9; 4.0%). Half of the infected cats were co-infected (15; 6.6%) with different species of hemoplasmas. Risk factor analysis confirmed that older age, male gender and FIV positivity are predisposing factors for hemoplasma infection in cats.ConclusionThis study found that candidate blood donor dogs in northern Italy show a negligible risk for hemoplasma infection, confirming the appropriateness of the candidate selection criteria and the low prevalence in the study area. Accordingly, testing for hemoplasma should be considered optional for canine blood donor screening. Hemoplasma infection was instead common in free-roaming cats, and is expected to be non-negligible in owned cats with outdoor access. Feline candidates for blood donation will therefore need to be carefully selected.

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Review of clinical aspects, epidemiology and diagnosis of haemotropic Mycoplasma ovis in small ruminants: current status and future perspectives in tropics focusing on Malaysia

Paul

Jesse

Chung

et al. 2020

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Mycoplasma ovis (formerly Eperythrozoon ovis ) is an epierythrocytic parasitic bacterium of small ruminants known as haemotropic mycoplasma, which is transmitted mechanically by biting flies and contaminated instruments. Acute mycoplasmosis causes severe haemolytic anaemia and mortality in young animals. At the same time, chronic disease may produce mild anaemia and varying degrees of morbidity depending on several factors, including age, reproductive status, the plane of nutrition, immunological status and the presence of concurrent infection. Haemotropic Mycoplasma ovis is currently recognised as an emerging zoonotic pathogen which is widely distributed in the sheep and goat producing areas of tropics and subtropics, where the disease is nearly endemic. Human infection has been reported in pregnant women, immunocompromised patients and people exposed to animals and arthropods. The current diagnosis of haemoplasma relies on microscopic evaluation of Giemsa-stained blood smear and PCR. Although there are few published reports on the incidence of haemotropic Mycoplasma ovis infection of small ruminants in Malaysia, information on its prevalence, risk factors, severity and economic impacts is grossly inadequate. Therefore, a large-scale survey of small ruminant flocks is necessary to elucidate the current seroprevalence status and molecular characteristics of haemotropic M. ovis infection in Malaysia using ELISA and PCR sequencing technologies. In the future, surveillance programs, including vector forecast, quarantine, monitoring by periodic surveys and public enlightenment, will limit the internal and transboundary spread of M. ovis , enhance control efforts and mitigate production losses in Malaysia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11250-020-02357-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Occurrence of canine hemotropic mycoplasmas in domestic dogs from urban and rural areas of the Valdivia Province, southern Chile

Cited by 26 publications

References 65 publications

Canine vector-borne pathogens in rural dogs in Chile: molecular survey and co-infection patterns

Canine vector-borne pathogens in rural dogs in Chile: molecular survey and co-infection patterns

Prevalence and molecular characterization of canine and feline hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) in northern Italy

Review of clinical aspects, epidemiology and diagnosis of haemotropic Mycoplasma ovis in small ruminants: current status and future perspectives in tropics focusing on Malaysia

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