. A total of 30 specimens of arapaimas body length 6.5-175cm were examined for the presence of helminth parasites. The camallanid nematodes recovered were washed in physiological saline and then fixed in hot 4% formaldehyde solution. For light microscopy, the nematodes were cleared with glycerine. Drawings were made with the aid of a Zeiss drawing attachment. After examination, the specimens were stored in vials with 70% ethanol. Measurements are given in micrometres unless otherwise stated, with means in parentheses.For scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fixed specimens were postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide in phosphate buffer, dehydrated through a graded acetone series, critical-point dried and sputter-coated with gold. The samples were examined using a JEOL ISM-7401F scanning electron microscope at an accelerating voltage of 4 kV or 8 kV.For confocal laser scanning microscopy studies, the specimens fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde were incubated overnight with faloidin conjugated to FITC 1:700 in PBS (Sigma) and mounted in semi-permanent slides in PBS with 2.5% de 1,4-diazabiciclo-(2,2,2)-octanotrietilenodiamina and 50% glycerol, pH 7.2. Studies were performed using an Olympus BX51 with Fluoview version 3.2.In addition to newly collected specimens from Mexiana Island, one stained gravid female of C. tridentatus (mounted as a slide), collected from A. gigas from the Negro River, AM, Brazil, by Ferraz and Thatcher (1990) During recent investigations into the helminth parasites of fish in the Mexiana Island, Amazonia, Brazil, specimens of Camallanus tridentatus (Drasche) were collected from the arapaima Arapaima gigas (Schinz). Drasche (1884) briefly described this species as Cucullanus tridentatus from a single female specimen found by him among Diesing's type material of Goezia spinulosa (Diesing) from A. gigas, originally collected by Natterer in Brazil. Later Baylis (1927) shortly described another, probably non-gravid female, of C. tridentatus, from a collection of helminth parasites of A. gigas sent to the then British Museum (Natural History) in London from Brazil. The very incomplete data on the females of C. tridentatus by these authors represented the only available knowledge of this parasite species for the following more than 70 years, until Ferraz and Thatcher (1990) published a redescription of C. tridentatus based on one male and six females collected in A. gigas from the Negro River, state of Amazonas (AM), Brazil.Based on the examination of freshly collected material, the species is redescribed herein and new data on the morphology of adults and first-stage larva are inferred from confocal laser and scanning electron microscopy observations.