Occurrence of Bipolaris Root Rot Caused by <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i> on Alfalfa in China

Li, Y. G.; Meng, Lu; Gong, Li; Zhao, Tingting; Ji, Pingsheng; Zhang, Q. F.; Cui, Guowen

doi:10.1094/pdis-03-19-0532-pdn

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…fungi that grow and sporulate in hay; Fusarium spp., associated with alfalfa wilt disease; Colletotrichum spp., causing alfalfa anthracnose; and Bipolaris spp. known to cause alfalfa root rot disease in China 30 but to the best of our knowledge, not previously reported in the U.S. (Table S5 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Diversity of the virome associated with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the U.S. Pacific Northwest

Nemchinov

Irish

Grinstead

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most extensively cultivated forage legumes in the world. It is currently the third most valuable field crop in the United States with an estimated value of over $9.3 billion. Alfalfa productivity is limited by various infectious diseases that can reduce forage yield and quality and shorten stand life. The crop can frequently be infected with a diverse array of pathogens and other organisms that have distinct life cycles, biology, and mode of action. Among them are many coinfecting viruses, that greatly contribute to the heterogeneity of within-host pathogenic communities, representing a ubiquitous and abundant background for all other host–pathogen interactions. Regrettably, the impact of viral diseases, their role in alfalfa health and involvement in the severity of multi-pathogen infections are often underestimated and not well understood. As high-throughput sequencing approaches have been developed, opportunities to delve into these complex interactions can be realized. In this work, we have characterized a diversity of viral populations in several commercial alfalfa production fields located in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. At least 45 distinct viruses have been identified in all alfalfa samples. Among them some were known to infect the crop prior to this study, and others were designated as emerging, novel and viruses integrated into the alfalfa genome. Known viruses included alfalfa mosaic virus, pea streak virus and bean leafroll virus, while among emerging and novel agents were alfalfa virus S, cherry virus Trakiya, several rhabdoviruses and others. Additional biological and impact studies will be needed to determine if newly identified viruses, especially those that have not been reported from alfalfa before, should be considered pathogens of this crop.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Diversity of the virome associated with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the U.S. Pacific Northwest

Nemchinov

Irish

Grinstead

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…In contrast to northwest and north, the northeast region (Heilongjiang, Jilin) is relatively fertile welldeveloped agriculture and has plenty of water. From the northeast region, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Alternaria alternata in addition to above mentioned pathogens have also been reported (Li et al, 2019;Jiang et al, 2021).…”

Section: Distribution Of Root Rot In the World And Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Root rot a silent alfalfa killer in China: Distribution, fungal, and oomycete pathogens, impact of climatic factors and its management

et al. 2022

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Alfalfa plays a significant role in the pasture ecosystems of China’s north, northeast, and northwest regions. It is an excellent forage for livestock, improves soil structure, prevents soil erosion, and has ecological benefits. Presently root rot is a significant threat to the alfalfa productivity because of the survival of the pathogens as soil-borne and because of lack of microbial competition in the impoverished nutrient-deficient soils and resistant cultivars. Furthermore, these regions’ extreme ecological and environmental conditions predispose alfalfa to root rot. Moisture and temperature, in particular, have a considerable impact on the severity of root rot. Pathogens such as Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani are predominant, frequently isolated, and of major concern. These pathogens work together as disease complexes, so finding a host genotype resistant to disease complexes is challenging. Approaches to root rot control in these regions include mostly fungicides treatments and cultural practices and very few reports on the usage of biological control agents. As seed treatment, fungicides such as carbendazim are frequently used to combat root rot; however, resistance to fungicides has arisen. However, breeding and transgenic approaches could be more efficient and sustainable long-term control strategies, especially if resistance to disease complexes may be identified. Yet, research in China is mainly limited to field investigation of root rot and disease resistance evaluation. In this review, we describe climatic conditions of pastoral regions and the role of alfalfa therein and challenges of root rot, the distribution of root rot in the world and China, and the impact of root rot pathogens on alfalfa in particular R. solani and Fusarium spp., effects of environmental factors on root rot and summarize to date disease management approach.

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“…Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) is one of the most important forage legumes in the world. Globally, root rot and wilt disease caused by soil‐borne pathogens are major factors that affect the production of alfalfa (Ao et al 2018; Li et al 2019). Common alfalfa pathogens include Fusarium sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual inoculation of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) with Funnelliformis mosseae and Sinorhizobium medicae can reduce Fusarium wilt

Wang

Ding²,

Li³

et al. 2020

J Appl Microbiol

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Aims: This study was designed to evaluate the biocontrol of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Funnelliformis mosseae and the rhizobium Sinorhizobium medicae on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum, a severe soil-borne fungal pathogen. Methods and Results: The effects of co-inoculation of F. mosseae and S. medicae on alfalfa growth, nitrogen, phosphorus uptake and wilt caused by F. oxysporum were tested. Plant defence-related chemicals were measured to reveal the biochemical mechanism by which alfalfa responds to pathogen infection and how it is regulated by AMF and rhizobium. Pathogen infection caused typical yellowing of alfalfa leaflets and significantly reduced plant AMF colonization. AMF or rhizobium alone and the co-inoculation reduced the plant disease index by 83Á2, 48Á4 and 81Á8% respectively. Inoculation with AMF or rhizobium alone increased the dry weight of alfalfa by more than 13 and 3 times respectively; it also increased plant chlorophyll content by 65Á6 and 16Á6% respectively. Co-inoculation of AMF and rhizobium induced the plant to accumulate more disease-related antioxidant enzymes, plant hydrolase and plant hormones, such as superoxide dismutase, b-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, and phenylalanine ammonialyase, abscisic acid, ethylene and H 2 O 2 , under pathogen stress. Conclusions: Co-inoculation with F. mosseae and S. medicae offered complementarily improved alfalfa nutrient uptake and growth, which increased plant health. The co-inoculation of AMF and rhizobium regulated plant physiological and biochemical processes and induced plants to produce defence-related compounds, thus decreasing the severity of disease. The simultaneous application of F. mosseae and S. medicae is a potential biocontrol strategy to increase the systemic defence responses of alfalfa to Fusarium wilt. Significance and Impact of the Study: This research showed that complex plant-pathogen interactions are affected by rhizobium and AMF, providing insight into plant-microbiome interactions in the rhizosphere as well as the application of the microbiome in agriculture production.

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Occurrence of Bipolaris Root Rot Caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana on Alfalfa in China

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Diversity of the virome associated with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the U.S. Pacific Northwest

Diversity of the virome associated with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the U.S. Pacific Northwest

Root rot a silent alfalfa killer in China: Distribution, fungal, and oomycete pathogens, impact of climatic factors and its management

Dual inoculation of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) with Funnelliformis mosseae and Sinorhizobium medicae can reduce Fusarium wilt

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