Occurrence of antibiotics in soils and manures from greenhouse vegetable production bases of Beijing, China and an associated risk assessment

Effect of composting and soil type on dissipation of veterinary antibiotics in land-applied manures

“…In the environment, soil is the primary receiver of antibiotics used in animal production, mainly through land application of manure (Jechalke et al, 2014). A wide range of antibiotics has been detected worldwide in various manures and manureamended soils, at concentrations up to several thousand mg kg À1 (Martinez-Carballo et al, 2007;Ho et al, 2014;Li et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2016).…”

Electrochemical oxidation of amoxicillin in its pharmaceutical formulation at boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode

“…Thus, the hospital wastewaters are directly rejected in the environment without treatment. The presence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment even at very low concentration levels can promote the growth of antibiotic resistant bacteria or pathogens [8][9][10]. Antiobotics are found to be resistant to biological degradation processes, escaping almost intact from conventional wastewater treatment plants.…”

The mixture toxicity of environmental contaminants containing sulfonamides and other antibiotics in Escherichia coli: Differences in both the special target proteins of individual chemicals and their effective combined concentration

“…It is estimated that each year approximately 210,000 tons of antibiotics are produced and consumed in China (Li et al, 2015). Because antibiotics are hard to metabolize and absorb by humans and animals, a considerable inestimable portion of antibiotics is released into the environment via urine or feces every year, leading to large quantities of antibiotic residue in water and soil sediments, which cause serious harm to microorganisms or other non-target creatures (Christensen et al, 2006;Kümmerer, 2009; Baran et al, 2011).…”