Occurrence of acrylamide carcinogen in Arabic coffee Qahwa, coffee and tea from Saudi Arabian market

Abstract

The present work describes the outcomes of the assessment on acrylamide contents in a number of thermally treated foods (Arabic coffee Qahwa, coffee and tea) obtained from the Saudi Arabian markets. A total of 56 food samples of different brands and origin were studied, the amounts of acrylamide in Arabic coffee Qahwa, coffee and tea were obtained in the range of 10 to 682 μg kg−1. In comparison to coffee (152–682 μg kg−1), the Arabic coffee Qahwa (73–108 μg kg−1) and tea (10–97 μg kg−1) contain lower amounts of acrylamide. Among the analyzed samples, the green tea contained low amounts of acrylamide ranged from 10 to 18 μg kg−1, and thus the green tea could be considered as a healthier hot drink. A great variation of acrylamide formation has been observed in these food products. This divergence may be due to the initial concentration of amino acids especially asparagines and reducing sugars in food products, in addition to roasting temperature and time, pH and water activity. The obtained data can also be used in epidemiological investigation to estimate the acrylamide exposure from nutritional survey.

Biomedical rationale for acrylamide regulation and methods of detection

“…Alternative defatting processes to the use of nonpolar organic solvent and SPE include the use of Carrez I and II solutions (Asnaashari, Esmaeilzadeh Kenari, Farahmandfar, Taghdisi, & Abnous, 2018; Khan et al., 2017; NegoiţĂ & Culeţu, 2016; Oroian, Amariei, & Gutt, 2016; Raters & Matissek, 2018; Razia et al., 2016; Yadav, Chhillar, & Pundir, 2018). Carrez I contains a 15% (w/v) solution of potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) trihydrate (K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 •3H 2 0), while Carrez II contains a 30% (w/v) solution of zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO 4 •7H 2 0) (Emdmillipore, 2013).…”

“…Defatting with either nonpolar organic solvent efficiently solubilizes fats and oils, permitting easy removal of the F I G U R E 3 Sequence of steps for acrylamide extraction from food and analyte analysis by LC-MS or GC-MS solvent by reduced pressure evaporation to allow isolation of fat or oil content. Alternative defatting processes to the use of nonpolar organic solvent and SPE include the use of Carrez I and II solutions (Asnaashari, Esmaeilzadeh Kenari, Farahmandfar, Taghdisi, & Abnous, 2018;Khan et al, 2017;NegoiţĂ & Culeţu, 2016;Oroian, Amariei, & Gutt, 2016;Raters & Matissek, 2018;Razia et al, 2016;Yadav, Chhillar, & Pundir, 2018). Carrez I contains a 15% (w/v) solution of potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) trihydrate (K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 •3H 2 0), while Carrez II contains a 30% (w/v) solution of zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO 4 •7H 2 0) (Emdmillipore, 2013).…”

Histological criteria of hippocampus as affected by acrylamide and the possible protective potential of saffron

“…ACR is extensively-used as an additive in molecular laboratories, chemical engineering, water purification, mining, textiles, paper manufacturing, cosmetics and protein electrophoresis (Riboldi et al, 2014;Tepe and Çebi, 2019). Natural sources of ACR have been reported recently comprising drinking water, tobacco smoke, Arabic coffee (Qahwa), coffee, tea besides occupational exposure (Khan et al, 2017). ACR has been recorded to be toxic to nervous system (Seale et al, 2012;Nassar, 2017), reproductive system (Favor and Shelby, 2005;Ma et al, 2011) and precancerous to laboratory animals (Hogervorst et al, 2010).…”

Detection and Quantitative Estimation of Toxic Acrylamide Levels in Selected Potatoes Chips and French Fries from the Libyan Market Using HPLC-UV Method

“…Hb Adducts from acrylamide and glycidamide can be quantified to measure the level of human exposure to acrylamide (Wenzl et al, 2003). ()() Epidemiological evidence on the relation between dietary acrylamide and the risk of several cancers has continued to accumulate during the last years (Khan et al, 2017). Many studies have confirmed that human exposure to acrylamide may lead to neurological effects in humans (Calleman et al, 1994).…”