Occurrence, migration and health risk of phthalates in tap water, barreled water and bottled water in Tianjin, China

Wang, Chenchen; Huang, Panpan; Qiu, Chunsheng; Li, Jing; Hu, Shuailong; Sun, Liping; Bai, Yaohui; Gao, Fu; Li, Chaocan; Liu, Nannan; Wang, Dong; Wang, Shaopo

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124891

Cited by 65 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Liu et al (2015) collected a total of 225 drinking water samples from the waterworks in different regions of China and determined the concentrations of six typical PAEs including DEP, DMP, DBP, BBP, DEHP, and DOP, and the mean sum concentration was 1278 ng/L [ 35 ] (mean concentration was 4015 ng/L for mineral water samples in this study). Wang et al (2021) collected bottled water samples from Tianjin, China, and reported that the mean sum concentration of DBP, BBP, and DEHP was 1960 ng/L [ 41 ]. Li et al (2019) reported the concentrations of seven PAEs (DMP, DEP, DPP, DBP, BzBP, DEHP, and DnOP) in 60 bottled water samples collected in Beijing, China, and the sum PAE concentrations ranged from 155 to 5200 (mean: 519) ng/L [ 47 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The human exposure doses of 15 PAEs through the ingestion of bottled drinks were estimated based on the mean/maximum concentrations of PAEs measured in different types of bottled drinks, as shown in Table 5 . The average daily intake of drink for Chinese adults was estimated as 1 L per day [ 41 ]. Mineral water is the most commonly used bottled drink among the Chinese population.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of the select PAEs through the consumption of bottled drinks were assessed following the methods described earlier [ 41 ]. The selection of PAEs was based on the availability of relevant parameters in the Integrated Risk Information System, prepared and maintained by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) [ 42 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RfD of BBP, DBP, DEP, and DEHP is 0.2, 0.1, 0.8, and 0.02 mg/Kg/d, respectively [ 42 ]. HI below 1 indicates safety concerns [ 41 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Phthalates in Bottled Drinks in the Chinese Market and Its Implications for Dietary Exposure

Xue

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Ubiquitous occurrences of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) or phthalates in a variety of consumer products have been demonstrated. Nevertheless, studies on their occurrence in various types of bottled drinks are limited. In this study, fifteen PAEs were analyzed in six categories of bottled drinks (n = 105) collected from the Chinese market, including mineral water, tea drinks, energy drinks, juice drinks, soft drinks, and beer. Among the 15 PAEs measured, DEHP was the most abundant phthalate with concentrations ranging from below the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 41,000 ng/L at a detection rate (DR) of 96%, followed by DIBP (DR: 88%) and DBP (DR: 84%) with respective concentration ranges of below LOQ to 16,000 and to 4900 ng/L. At least one PAE was detected in each drink sample, and the sum concentrations of 15 PAEs ranged from 770 to 48,004 ng/L (median: 6286 ng/L). Significant differences with respect to both PAE concentrations and composition profiles were observed between different types of bottled drinks. The median sum concentration of 15 PAEs in soft drinks was over five times higher than that detected in mineral water; different from other drink types. Besides DEHP, DBIP, and DBP, a high concentration of BMEP was also detected in a tea drink. The estimated daily dietary intake of phthalates (EDIdrink) through the consumption of bottled drinks was calculated based on the concentrations measured and the daily ingestion rates of bottled drink items. The EDIdrink values for DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, BMEP, DAP, BEEP, BBP, DCP, DHP, BMPP, BBEP, DEHP, DOP, and DNP through the consumption of bottled mineral water (based on mean concentrations) were 0.45, 0.33, 12.5, 3.67, 2.10, 0.06, 0.32, 0.16, 0.10, 0.09, 0.05, 0.81, 112, 0.13, and 0.20 ng/kg-bw/d, respectively, for Chinese adults. Overall, the EDIdrink values calculated for phthalates through the consumption of bottled drinks were below the oral reference doses suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RfD of BBP, DBP, DEP, and DEHP is 0.2, 0.1, 0.8, and 0.02 mg/Kg/d, respectively [ 42 ]. HI below 1 indicates safety concerns [ 41 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Phthalates in Bottled Drinks in the Chinese Market and Its Implications for Dietary Exposure

Xue

et al. 2021

Molecules

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“…While several studies have evaluated the occurrence of DBPs in tap water, these studies were conducted mainly in local regions and cities [11][12][13] . Only a limited number of nationwide DBP surveys have been reported -in the UK 14 , the USA 15 and China 16 -approximately a decade ago.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial assessment of tap water safety in China and associated health impacts

Liu

Graham

Wang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The quality of municipal water supplies is of fundamental importance to public health and national security. Here, we assess the tap water quality in 31 provinces across China and examine the effects of natural and anthropogenic conditions on water quality and associated health risks. Precipitation is a crucial factor influencing the organic matter content and ionic conductivity in tap water, especially for arid and semi-arid regions. Although the concentration of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) is closely related to the organic matter content, the occurrence of highly toxic DBPs was more significantly affected by anthropogenic factors such as economic development and pollution emission. We confirmed nanofiltration as an effective point-of-use treatment to reduce the adverse effects of DBPs in public water supplies. Since DBPs in tap water is a long-term global problem, our results highlight the potential health hazards of drinking water brought about by social development and conclude that countries and regions with rapid development might face high DBP toxicity.

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Impacts of Plasticizers on Riverine Ecological Integrity in Context to Sustainability Challenges

Aslam

Qadir

Ahmad

et al. 2022

Emerging Contaminants and Associated Treatment Technologies

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Occurrence, migration and health risk of phthalates in tap water, barreled water and bottled water in Tianjin, China

Cited by 65 publications

References 57 publications

Occurrence of Phthalates in Bottled Drinks in the Chinese Market and Its Implications for Dietary Exposure

Occurrence of Phthalates in Bottled Drinks in the Chinese Market and Its Implications for Dietary Exposure

Spatial assessment of tap water safety in China and associated health impacts

Impacts of Plasticizers on Riverine Ecological Integrity in Context to Sustainability Challenges

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