Occurrence, localization, and possible significance of an ornithine-containing lipid in Paracoccus denitrificans

Wilkinson, Brian J.; Sment, K A; Mayberry, W. R.

doi:10.1007/bf00411182

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A thorough investigation of the conditions necessary to obtain a clean separation of cytoplasmic and outer membranes from cells grown in complex medium revealed that inclusion of 10 mM MgCl2 in the cell breakage buffer, but not in subsequent steps, produced a satisfactory separation of the two membrane fractions. The brownish cytoplasmic membranes and whitish outer membranes had densities of 1.15 and 1.24 g/cm3, respectively, in accord with our previous findings (16,26). …”

supporting

confidence: 92%

“…Cell envelopes and cytoplasmic and outer membranes were made 1 mM in MgCI2 for recovery by ultracentrifugation and were washed three times by resuspension and centrifugation in 1 mM MgCl2. Previously quoted methods were used for chemical analyses (16).In our previous work we had found that low yields of outer membranes were recovered from complex-medium-grown cells, as opposed to cells grown in succinate-salts medium (16,26). A thorough investigation of the conditions necessary to obtain a clean separation of cytoplasmic and outer membranes from cells grown in complex medium revealed that inclusion of 10 mM MgCl2 in the cell breakage buffer, but not in subsequent steps, produced a satisfactory separation of the two membrane fractions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When P. denitrificans is grown in a complex medium, exponential-phase cells are lysozyme susceptible without further treatment (9,18 Previous studies of the outer membrane of P. denitrijicans have revealed that an ornithine-containing lipid is a major lipid species (21,26). A 3-hydroxy fatty acid is in amide linkage at the ot position and is esterified with a second nonhydroxy fatty acid.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Increased outer membrane ornithine-containing lipid and lysozyme penetrability of Paracoccus denitrificans grown in a complex medium deficient in divalent cations

Wee

Wilkinson

1988

J Bacteriol

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Paracoccus denitrificans grown in a complex medium was highly susceptible to lysozyme, in contrast to cells grown in a complex medium supplemented with Mg2+ and Ca2+ or in a succinate-salts medium. The complex medium was deficient in divalent cations needed for optimum outer membrane stability. The major change in molecular compositions of outer membranes isolated from cells grown under the different conditions was a higher ratio of ornithine-containing lipid to phospholipid in complex-medium-grown cells (0.63) than in cells grown in complex medium with Mg2' and Ca2+ (0.22) or in succinate-salts medium (0.14). We suggest that the dipolarionic ornithine-containing lipid is less dependent than acidic phospholipids on divalent cations for its incorporation into the outer membrane.Paracoccus denitrificans is a member of the a subdivision of the purple bacteria (28). This important group includes the purple non-sulfur bacteria, rhizobacteria, agrobacteria, rickettsiae, and Nitrobacter spp. This subdivision is composed predominantly of soil bacteria which tend to form intimate associations with eucaryotic cells and includes the endosymbiont ancestor of the mitochondrion (28). The organisms are thus of general biological interest. Although the outer membranes of these bacteria have been studied to some extent (1, 2), the main paradigm of outer membrane structure and function is still medically significant, mainly enteric, bacteria (8,14,17). Studies of the structure and function of the outer membrane of P. denitrificans are thus justified on the basis of the phylogeny of the organism.When P. denitrificans is grown in a complex medium, exponential-phase cells are lysozyme susceptible without further treatment (9,18 Iron-regulated proteins occur in the outer membrane, including high-Mr proteins induced upon iron deprivation (10) and a 23,000-Mr protein produced only in an iron-containing medium (22).In this paper we describe our investigations of outer membranes isolated from cells of the organism grown in complex medium, complex medium with Mg2' and Ca2+, and succinate-salts medium. We wanted to identify the changes in molecular composition associated with divalentcation deficiency and outer membrane stability. The major change under the different growth conditions was in the ratio of ornithine-containing lipid to phospholipid. P. denitrificans ATCC 13543 was grown to stationary phase with shaking at 30°C in complex medium (18), complex medium supplemented with 0.81 mM MgSO4 and 0.36 mM CaCI2, or succinate-salts medium (3). Our previously described procedure (16) for the isolation of cytoplasmic and outer membranes was used, with the following modifications. Cell envelopes were washed twice in 10 mM N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer (pH 7.4) without MgCl2, and the sucrose gradients were 10 ml of 2.25 M, 12 ml of 1.44 M, and 10 ml of 0.77 M sucrose in 10 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.4). Cell envelopes and cytoplasmic and outer membranes were made 1 mM in MgCI2 for recovery by ultracentrifugatio...

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confidence: 92%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Increased outer membrane ornithine-containing lipid and lysozyme penetrability of Paracoccus denitrificans grown in a complex medium deficient in divalent cations

Wee

Wilkinson

1988

J Bacteriol

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“…Similar effects of phosphorus deprivation have been described for Pseudomonas fluorescens Dorrer & Teuber, 1977) and Rhodobacter sphaeroides (Benning et al, 1995), and probably apply also to Shewanella putrefaciens (Pseudomonas rubescens ; Wilkinson, 1972) and many other OL-producing species. However, a lowphosphate medium had no significant effect on Paracoccus denitrificans (Wilkinson et al, 1982) whereas the proportion of OL was enhanced by a deficiency of divalent cations (Wee & Wilkinson, 1988). Whether the simultaneous loss of PG and DPG in phosphorus-limited cultures of B. cepacia was compensated for by the production of an acidic glycolipid [as described for Breuundimonas (Pseudomonas) diminuta and R .…”

Section: Effect Of Phosphorus-limited Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic variation of lipid composition in Burkholderia cepacia: a response to increased growth temperature is a greater content of 2-hydroxy acids in phosphatidylethanolamine and ornithine amide lipid

1998

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Burkho/deria cepacia produces an unusual range of polar lipids, which includes two forms each of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and ornithine amide lipid (OL), differing in the presence or absence of 2-hydroxy fatty acids. By using chemostat cultures in chemically defined media, variations in the lipid content and the proportions of individual lipids have been studied as a function of (a) growth temperature, (b) growth rate and (c) growth-limiting nutrient (carbon, magnesium, phosphorus or oxygen). Total cellular lipid in carbon-limited cultures was lowest at high growth temperatures and low growth rates. Increases in growth temperature over the range 2540 O C led t o increases in the proportions of molecular species of PE and OL containing 2-hydroxy acids, without changing the PE:OL ratio. Growth temperature did not alter the balance between neutral and acidic lipids, but the contribution of phosphatidylglycerol to the latter increased with rising growth temperature and growth rate. Pigmentation of cells and the presence of flagella were also temperature-dependent. Change in growth rate also affected the PE :OL ratio and the extent to which monoenoic acids were replaced by their cyclopropane derivatives. Whereas similar lipid profiles were found for carbon-, magnesiumand oxygen-limited cultures, ornithine amides were the only polar lipids detected in phosphorus-limited cells.

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“…The low concentration of phospholipids and abundance of OLs in the outer and cytoplasmic membranes of some species of bacteria 4,9,33,35) seemed to alter the cellular properties. P. fluorescens NCMB 129 grown by phosphate-poor batch culture has been reported to show increased resistance to polymyxin B (PLB) 9) .…”

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa under Phosphorus-Poor Culture Conditions: Phospholipid-Poor Bacterial Membranes, and Susceptibility to Antibacterial Chemicals, High Temperature and Low pH.

et al. 2002

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Burkholderia cepacia were able to grow in a phosphorus-poor (0.01 mM of phosphate) synthetic medium in chemostat cultures. In contrast to bacteria grown in a phosphorus-rich (10 mM of phosphate) chemostat, they underwent an extensive changes in lipid composition, with phospholipids being replaced with ornithine-containing lipids. Nevertheless, their susceptibility to twelve antibiotics, and seven germicides changed little. No special tendencies in drug susceptibility related to the replacement of membrane lipids were recognized. Thus, though growing in a phosphorus-poor environment, these bacteria did not exhibit any special resistance to antibacterial agents. With regard to susceptibility to low pH, P. aeruginosa grown under phosphorus-poor conditions demonstrated greater resistance.

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Occurrence, localization, and possible significance of an ornithine-containing lipid in Paracoccus denitrificans

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Increased outer membrane ornithine-containing lipid and lysozyme penetrability of Paracoccus denitrificans grown in a complex medium deficient in divalent cations

Increased outer membrane ornithine-containing lipid and lysozyme penetrability of Paracoccus denitrificans grown in a complex medium deficient in divalent cations

Phenotypic variation of lipid composition in Burkholderia cepacia: a response to increased growth temperature is a greater content of 2-hydroxy acids in phosphatidylethanolamine and ornithine amide lipid

Pseudomonas aeruginosa under Phosphorus-Poor Culture Conditions: Phospholipid-Poor Bacterial Membranes, and Susceptibility to Antibacterial Chemicals, High Temperature and Low pH.

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