Occurrence, distribution and ecological risk assessment of multiple classes of UV filters in marine sediments in Hong Kong and Japan

Persistence, temporal and spatial profiles of ultraviolet absorbents and phenolic personal care products in riverine and estuarine sediment of the Pearl River catchment, China

“…Significant amounts of these emerging contaminants are being discharged into the environment via treated and untreated wastewater, recreational activities, and other human activities. As a result, they have been widely detected in rivers, lakes, seas, groundwater, and organism tissues [9,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

“…Available research revealed the presence of TCC, TCS, BPA, parabens, and several UVAs in sediment [9,15,23,[28][29][30][31]. Some of these compounds (e.g.…”

Cosmetic Ingredients as Emerging Pollutants of Environmental and Health Concern. A Mini-Review

“…Some organic UV filters are characterized by stability in the aquatic environment and lipophilicity, with an organic partition coefficient in general greater than three [60]; therefore they can accumulate in sediment of body waters, a matrice with high organic carbon content, where they can act as a contaminant reserve posing high risk to benthic and sediment-dwelling organisms [22,60]. The presence of UV filters in riverine and marine sediment is widely documented in the literature.…”

“…The presence of UV filters in riverine and marine sediment is widely documented in the literature. The filters most frequently identified in sediment are EHMC (ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate), OC (octocrylene), BMDM (butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane), OD-PABA (octyldimethyl-p-aminobenzoic acid), and benzophenone derivatives [21][22][23][60][61][62][63], with concentrations included in very broad ranges and, in some cases, amounting to hundreds or thousands of ng/g of dry weight. Other sun blockers (4-methylbenzyliden camphor, 4-MBC; isoamyl p-methoxycinnamate, IAMC; ethylhexyl salicylate, EHS; homosalate HMS), although detectable in surface waters, are not recovered in sediment, probably due to their reduced use in sunscreen formulations or to their degradation by microorganisms [64].…”

“…The occurrence of common organic UV filters has been documented in water samples collected in different countries, such as China, USA, Japan, Thailand and the North American Arctic region [15,60], Hong Kong [60], the Canary Islands [17], Switzerland [20], Korea [18], Taiwan [16], and Norway [24], to mention just the most recent investigations. Surprisingly, Tsui et al [15] reported the occurrence of UV filters even in the Arctic region, where benzophenone-3 (BP-3), EHMC, and OC were detected at relatively low concentrations (median concentrations 16.6, 25.4, and 25.8 ng/L, respectively).…”