Occurrence and within field variability of Fusarium mycotoxins and their masked forms in maize crops in Belgium

Boevre, Marthe De; Landschoot, Sofie; Audenaert, Kris; Maene, Peter; Mavungu, Diana Di; Eeckhout, Mia; Haesaert, Geert; Saeger, Sarah De

doi:10.3920/wmj2013.1608

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The highest levels of D3G occurring in a cereal product, reported until now, corresponded to 1070 μg/kg in wheat grains (Berthiller et al 2009b) and to 1100 μg/kg in maize grain samples (De Boevre et al 2014). The levels of D3G can be even higher than DON, as reported in a breakfast cereal by Malachova et al (2011) and in beer samples by Varga et al (2013).…”

Section: Occurrence Of Mycotoxins In Whole-wheat Productsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Simultaneous Determination of Deoxynivalenol, Deoxynivalenol-3-Glucoside and Nivalenol in Wheat Grains by HPLC-PDA with Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup

et al. 2016

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Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) is a modified mycotoxin formed by the metabolism of plants through the conjugation of deoxynivalenol (DON) with glucose. Toxicology studies of D3G for human and animal health are still under investigation, and the development of practical and reliable methods for its direct determination, especially in cereal matrices, is of great importance. In the present study, a methodology for simultaneous determination of D3G, DON, and nivalenol (NIV) in wheat grains, using immunoaffinity column (IAC) cleanup, separation by C18 column and detection by ultraviolet (UV) absorption, was optimized and inhouse validated. The results demonstrated adequate values of D3G recovery from IAC and spiked samples. Intraday precision, linearity, limit of detection and limit of quantification (LOQ) were also adequate for the determination of these mycotoxins. Range of applicability varied from 47.1 to 1000 μg/ kg for D3G and from 31.3 to 1000 μg/kg for DON and NIV, with recovery ranging from 84.7 ± 7.2 % to 112.3 ± 8.1 %. A high incidence of D3G (41.2 %, all samples

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Section: Occurrence Of Mycotoxins In Whole-wheat Productsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Simultaneous Determination of Deoxynivalenol, Deoxynivalenol-3-Glucoside and Nivalenol in Wheat Grains by HPLC-PDA with Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup

et al. 2016

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“…DON was found in 86% of the samples, mean concentration was 1046 µg/kg. De Boevre et al reported maize polluted with 1100 µg/kg of DON-3G [ 33 ]. Similar contamination was reported by Berthiller et al in wheat polluted with 1070 µg/kg of DON-3G [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Occurrence of Nivalenol, Deoxynivalenol, and Deoxynivalenol-3-Glucoside in Polish Winter Wheat

Bryła

Ksieniewicz-Woźniak

Waśkiewicz

et al. 2018

Toxins

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The presence of mycotoxins in cereal grain is a very important food safety factor. The occurrence of “masked” mycotoxins has been intensively investigated in recent years. In this study, the occurrence of nivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, and deoxynivalenol in 92 samples of winter wheat from Polish cultivars was determined. The frequency of the occurrence of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in the samples was 83% and 70%, respectively. The average content of the analytes was: for deoxynivalenol 140.2 µg/kg (10.5–1265.4 µg/kg), for nivalenol 35.0 µg/kg (5.1–372.5 µg/kg). Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, the formation of which is connected with the biotransformation pathway in plants, was present in 27% of tested wheat samples; its average content was 41.9 µg/kg (15.8–137.5 µg/kg). The relative content of deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3G) compared to deoxynivalenol (DON) in positive samples was 4–37%. Despite the high frequency of occurrence of these mycotoxins, the quality of wheat from the 2016 season was good. The maximum content of DON, as defined in EU regulations (1250 µg/kg), was exceeded in only one sample. Nevertheless, the presence of a glycosidic derivative of deoxynivalenol can increase the risk to food safety, as it can be hydrolyzed by intestinal microflora.

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“…The incidence of ZEN in our study was similar to those reported in other studies [41,42], but the contamination levels were lower than other values from literature. For instance, ZEN was found at concentrations up to 1399 µg/kg in cereals from Nigeria [43] and up to 15,700 µg/kg in maize samples from Belgium, where mean level of ZEN in the analysed samples was 2180 µg/kg [44]. However, other studies reported lower ZEN concentrations with an average of 12 and 14 µg/kg in Italian and Moroccan cereals, respectively [40,45].…”

Section: Occurrence Of Zearalenonementioning

confidence: 92%

Multi-Mycotoxin Occurrence and Exposure Assessment Approach in Foodstuffs from Algeria

Mahdjoubi

Arroyo‐Manzanares

Hamini-Kadar

et al. 2020

Toxins

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A survey on 120 cereal samples (barley, maize, rice and wheat) from Algerian markets has been carried out to evaluate the presence of 15 mycotoxins (ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B1 and B2, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, zearalenone, fusarenon X, citrinin, sterigmatocystin, enniatins A, A1, B and B1, and beauvericin). With this purpose, a QuEChERS-based extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) were used. Analytical results showed that 78 cereal samples (65%) were contaminated with at least one toxin, while 50% were contaminated with three to nine mycotoxins. T-2 toxin, citrinin, beauvericin and deoxynivalenol were the most commonly found mycotoxins (frequency of 50%, 41.6%, 40.8% and 33.3%, respectively). Fumonisins (B1 + B2), enniatins B and B1, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone registered high concentrations (289-48878 µg/kg, 1.2-5288 µg/kg, 15-4569 µg/kg, 48-2055 µg/kg and 10.4-579 µg/kg, respectively). Furthermore, concentrations higher than those allowed by the European Union (EU) were observed in 21, 8 and 1 samples for fumonisins, zearalenone and deoxinivalenol, respectively. As a conclusion, the high levels of fumonisins (B1 + B2) in maize and deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and HT-2 + T-2 toxins in wheat, represent a health risk for the average adult consumer in Algeria. These results pointed out the necessity of a consistent control and the definition of maximum allowed levels for mycotoxins in Algerian foodstuffs. Key Contribution:The study describes the incidence of 15 mycotoxins in 120 Algerian cereal samples (barley, maize, rice and wheat grains) by UHPLC-MS/MS. The results have pointed out the high co-occurrence of mycotoxins, as well as the high concentration (above the maximum allowed concentration) of some mycotoxins legislated in the EU in those cereals, posing a risk for consumers. These results highlight the necessity of establishing maximum levels for mycotoxins in Algeria.

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Occurrence and within field variability of Fusarium mycotoxins and their masked forms in maize crops in Belgium

Cited by 25 publications

References 43 publications

Simultaneous Determination of Deoxynivalenol, Deoxynivalenol-3-Glucoside and Nivalenol in Wheat Grains by HPLC-PDA with Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup

Simultaneous Determination of Deoxynivalenol, Deoxynivalenol-3-Glucoside and Nivalenol in Wheat Grains by HPLC-PDA with Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup

Natural Occurrence of Nivalenol, Deoxynivalenol, and Deoxynivalenol-3-Glucoside in Polish Winter Wheat

Multi-Mycotoxin Occurrence and Exposure Assessment Approach in Foodstuffs from Algeria

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