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To investigate occurrence of root-knot nematode (RKN) in plastic house of central area of Korea, 132 soil samples were collected in cucumber, water melon, tomato, red pepper and strawberry fields from 2013 to 2015. Among 132 soil samples, 65 soil samples (49%) were infested with RKN and mean density of RKN was 178 second-stage juveniles per 100 cm 3 soil (min. 1 ~ max. 3,947). The frequency of RKN by regional was the highest in Chuncheon with 80%, followed by Cheonan (68%), Nonsan (36%), Buyeo (33%) and Yesan (30%). The frequency of RKN by crops was the highest in tomato with 83%, followed by cucumber (61%), strawberry (41%), red pepper (30%), watermelon (26%). To identify the species of RKN, fifteen populations were selected for representative populations. As a phylogenetic analysis of 15 populations, southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), peanut root-knot nematode (M. arenaria) and northern root-knot nematode (M. hapla) were identified with 47%, 20% and 33% ratio, respectively. In crops, M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. hapla were detected in tomato, M. incognita and M. arenaria were detected in cucumber and watermelon, and M. hapla was detected in strawberry and lettuce. Thus, there should be a continuous management to major species of each crops to prevent dispersal of RKN damages.
To investigate occurrence of root-knot nematode (RKN) in plastic house of central area of Korea, 132 soil samples were collected in cucumber, water melon, tomato, red pepper and strawberry fields from 2013 to 2015. Among 132 soil samples, 65 soil samples (49%) were infested with RKN and mean density of RKN was 178 second-stage juveniles per 100 cm 3 soil (min. 1 ~ max. 3,947). The frequency of RKN by regional was the highest in Chuncheon with 80%, followed by Cheonan (68%), Nonsan (36%), Buyeo (33%) and Yesan (30%). The frequency of RKN by crops was the highest in tomato with 83%, followed by cucumber (61%), strawberry (41%), red pepper (30%), watermelon (26%). To identify the species of RKN, fifteen populations were selected for representative populations. As a phylogenetic analysis of 15 populations, southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), peanut root-knot nematode (M. arenaria) and northern root-knot nematode (M. hapla) were identified with 47%, 20% and 33% ratio, respectively. In crops, M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. hapla were detected in tomato, M. incognita and M. arenaria were detected in cucumber and watermelon, and M. hapla was detected in strawberry and lettuce. Thus, there should be a continuous management to major species of each crops to prevent dispersal of RKN damages.
To enhance rice yield and diversify grain quality of Korean japonica rice, we developed japonica rice line with long and spindle-shaped grain. Korean japonica rice cultivars have narrow genetic background of grain size and shape. Most of cultivars show medium-short and semi-round grain. To diversify the genetic background for grain, we developed Jeonju625, japonica rice line with long and spindle-shaped grain, derived from a cross between DSG79, the breeding material with extra-long and spindle-shaped grain, and Boramchan, japonica super high-yielding cultivar with medium-short and semi-round grain. Jeonju625 had GW2gs3qSW5+qGL3 allele type for grain-related genes, which conferred extra-long and spindle-shaped grain. The grain length and ratio of length to width of brown rice of Jeonju625 was 7.06 mm and 2.72, respectively. Jeonju625 was improved the deteriorated traits of DGS79, very late heading, long culm, long awn, droopy flag leaves, and susceptibility to lodging, by strong selection pressure focused on field breeding. The milled rice yield of Jeonju625 was 559 kg/10a, which was similar level of Boramchan (552 kg/10a) and 29% enhanced yield compared to DSG79. Jeonju625 had suitable characteristics for cooked rice. Jeongju625 showed lower protein contents and better glossiness and palatability of cooked rice than Boramchan and Hanareum2. Elite japonica rice line, Jeonju625, with extra-long and spindle-shaped grain showed good characteristics for rice yield and grain quality. Jeonju625 could be utilized practical cultivar and breeding material for enhancing rice yield and diversifying grain quality.
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