“…Coevolution between Helicobacter pylori and its human host is well described and a similar event could be hypothesized among other Helicobacter species and their hosts as well (Linz & Schuster, 2007). It is, however, evident that some species, like H. bilis, are able to colonize different hosts (Fox et al, 1998;Matsukura et al, 2002;Rossi et al, 2008) or different niches of the same host (Eaton et al, 1996;Fox et al, 1998;Matsukura et al, 2002), showing a high flexibility of adaptation to different environments. Adaptation, in association with high mutation and recombination rates, has recently been described for a host-jump from early humans to large felines resulting in Helicobacter acinonychis (Eppinger et al, 2006).…”