Occurrence and spatial distribution of paralytic shellfish toxins in seawater and marine organisms in the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, China

Cao, Yali; Qiu, Jiangbing; Li, Aifeng; Zhang, Lei; Yan, Guowang; Ji, Ying; Zhang, Jingrui; Zhao, Peng; Wu, Xizhen

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137746

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Currently, PSTs remain widespread in the nearshore waters of Qinhuangdao and are extensively distributed throughout seawater and marine organisms [78]. Therefore, the long-term monitoring and management of PSTs in priority areas should be strengthened.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination Status and Risk Assessment of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Shellfish along the Coastal Areas of China

Zheng,

Xu,

et al. 2024

Marine Drugs

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Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are widely distributed in shellfish along the coast of China, causing a serious threat to consumer health; however, there is still a lack of large-scale systematic investigations and risk assessments. Herein, 641 shellfish samples were collected from March to November 2020, and the PSTs’ toxicity was detected via liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the contamination status and potential dietary risks of PSTs were discussed. PSTs were detected in 241 shellfish samples with a detection rate of 37.60%. The average PST toxicities in mussels and ark shells were considerably higher than those in other shellfish. The PSTs mainly included N-sulfonylcarbamoyl toxins (class C) and carbamoyl toxins (class GTX), and the highest PST toxicity was 546.09 μg STX eq. kg−1. The PST toxicity in spring was significantly higher than those in summer and autumn (p < 0.05). Hebei Province had the highest average PST toxicity in spring. An acute exposure assessment showed that consumers in Hebei Province had a higher dietary risk, with mussels posing a significantly higher dietary risk to consumers. This research provides reference for the green and sustainable development of the shellfish industry and the establishment of a shellfish toxin prevention and control system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination Status and Risk Assessment of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Shellfish along the Coastal Areas of China

Zheng,

Xu,

et al. 2024

Marine Drugs

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“…3 Scenario 3, maximum contamination level of the samples combined with the 95th percentile (P95) daily shellfish consumption and body weight of the consumers only from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010-2015 [6]. 4 LB, lower bound, ND = 0; 5 UB, upper bound, ND = LOD. 6 %ARfD, the percentage of exposure to the ARfD (acute reference dose) recommended by the EFSA.…”

Section: Acute Exposure To Lstsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Exposure Assessment of Lipophilic Shellfish Toxins in the Zhejiang Province, China

Weng,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Marine Drugs

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Although lipophilic shellfish toxins (LSTs) pose a significant threat to the health of seafood consumers, their systematic investigation and risk assessment remain scarce. The goals of this study were as follows: (1) analyze LST levels in commercially available shellfish in Zhejiang province, China, and determine factors influencing LST distribution; (2) assess the acute dietary risk of exposure to LSTs for local consumers during the red tide period; (3) explore potential health risks of LSTs in humans; and (4) study the acute risks of simultaneous dietary exposure to LSTs and paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). A total of 546 shellfish samples were collected. LSTs were detected in 89 samples (16.3%) at concentrations below the regulatory limits. Mussels were the main shellfish species contaminated with LSTs. Spatial variations were observed in the yessotoxin group. Acute exposure to LSTs based on multiple scenarios was low. The minimum tolerable exposure durations for LSTs calculated using the mean and the 95th percentile of consumption data were 19.7 and 4.9 years, respectively. Our findings showed that Zhejiang province residents are at a low risk of combined exposure to LSTs and PSTs; however, the risk may be higher for children under 6 years of age in the extreme scenario.

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“…This was related to the fact that mussels can rapidly accumulate and eliminate PSTs and that scallops do so relatively slowly, while compared to scallops and mussels, oysters and clams are less able to accumulate PSTs [29,30]. In addition, the sampling period, exposure time to toxin algae and the metabolic capacity of shellfish, were also influencing factors [8].…”

Section: Pst Toxin Content In Shellfish In the Yellow-bohai Sea In Da...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on their chemical structure (different R 4 groups), PSTs can be reorganized into several subgroups (Figure 1) [6]. For example carbamate (saxitoxin (STX), neoSTX, gonyautoxins (GTX1, GTX4, GTX2, GTX3)), N-sulfocarbamoyl (GTX5) and decarbamoyl toxins (dcSTX, dcneoSTX) [7,8]. As PSTs readily accumulate in filter-feeding bivalve mollusks, the potential risk of shellfish to consumers is considered [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination Status and Acute Dietary Exposure Assessment of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Shellfish in the Dalian Area of the Yellow-Bohai Sea, China

Cao,

Zhang,

Huang

et al. 2024

Foods

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The Yellow-Bohai Sea is an important semi-enclosed continental shelf marginal seas with an intensive aquaculture industry in China. The current study analyzed the contamination status and the time variations of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in shellfish between 2019 and 2020 from the Yellow-Bohai Sea in the Dalian area and estimated the acute health risks to consumers in China. A total of 199 shellfish samples (including 34 Pacific oysters, 25 Mediterranean blue mussels, 34 Manila clams, 36 bay scallops, 34 veined rapa whelks and 36 bloody clams) were analyzed from four representative aquaculture zones around the Yellow-Bohai Sea in Dalian. Among the samples, scallops and blood clams were the shellfish species with the highest detection rate of PSTs (94.4%), and the highest level of PSTs was detected in scallops with 3953.5 μg STX.2HCl eq./kg (μg STX.2HCL equivalents per kg shellfish tissue), followed by blood clams with 993.4 μg STX.2HCl eq./kg. The contents of PSTs in shellfish showed a time variation trend, and autumn was the season of concern for PST contamination in Dalian. For general Chinese consumers, the probability of acute health risks to shellfish consumers from dietary exposure to PSTs was around 13%. For typical consumers in coastal areas of China, especially those with higher shellfish intake, there was an acute health risk associated with exposure to PSTs through shellfish consumption during the occurrence of harmful algal blooms. It is suggested that the government continue to strengthen the monitoring of the source of PSTs and the monitoring of harmful algal blooms and give reasonable advice on shellfish consumption for consumers in coastal areas, such as not eating scallop viscera.

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Occurrence and spatial distribution of paralytic shellfish toxins in seawater and marine organisms in the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, China

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

Contamination Status and Risk Assessment of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Shellfish along the Coastal Areas of China

Contamination Status and Risk Assessment of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Shellfish along the Coastal Areas of China

Occurrence and Exposure Assessment of Lipophilic Shellfish Toxins in the Zhejiang Province, China

Contamination Status and Acute Dietary Exposure Assessment of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Shellfish in the Dalian Area of the Yellow-Bohai Sea, China

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