Occurrence and seasonal disparity of emerging endocrine disrupting chemicals in a drinking water supply system and associated health risk

Abstract

Contamination of drinking water with endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) raises concerns over the security and long-term sustainability of clean water supplies as well as human exposure via daily water intake. In this study, the seasonal disparity and occurrence of six phthalates and bisphenol-A in the drinking water supply system and associated health-risk were examined. The detection frequencies of the ∑6PAEs ranged from 24 to 100% in the winter whereas; in summer it is below the detection limit up to 100%. DEHP was the most prevalent phthalate congener ranging from 1.14 to 8351.85 µg/L (winter) and 0.552 to 410.29 µg/L (summer) surpassing the permissible limit. However, BPA concentrations were found under the permissible limit. The results suggested that PAEs concentration displayed significant seasonal variations with the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. The exposure to PAEs and BPA from drinking water was assessed, indicating a possible health risk to humans with a hazard quotient (HQ) > 1 for DEHP only. The findings necessitate an immediate scrutiny of these EDCs in drinking water supply system and are critical for implementing effective technologies at the WTP scale to ensure the quality and safety of drinking water to ascertain human and environmental health.

Selection, characterization, and biosensing applications of DNA aptamers targeting cyanotoxin BMAA

“…These counter targets included small molecules atenolol and mono-butyl phthalate, both of which fall under the category of contaminants of emerging concern. 53,54 Likewise, as BMAA and its isomers frequently coexist in heterogeneous environments, AEG and DAB were added in subsequent counter selection rounds. 25…”

Assessment of Xenoestrogens in Jordanian Water System: Activity and Identification

“…More sensitive screening methods have recently been developed, which can detect levels as low as 14.7 pg/L of estrogen equivalents [ 129 ]. Estrogenic-disrupting substances have been found in drinking water all around the world [ 99 ], including the USA [ 130 ], Germany [ 131 , 132 ], India [ 133 , 134 ], Italy [ 132 ], Sweden [ 54 , 135 ], France [ 132 ] and Spain [ 136 ]. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA), the estrogenic risk is significant when the estrogenic activity is greater than 1 ng/L [ 137 ].…”

Ameliorative effects of zinc and vitamin E against phthalates‐induced reproductive toxicity in male rats

“…They were identified as priority controlled pollutants and widely detected in human urine, blood and semen. 6,[34][35][36] The mixture of three commonly and largely used PEs: BBP, DBP and DEHP was used in this study to simulate people exposing to the complexes of PEs. The exposure dose of MPEs (160 mg/kg/d) was designed based on the previous reports, 19 while the intervention doses of Zn (25 mg/kg/d) and VE (25 mg/kg/d) were designed based on the previously published studies.…”

“…DEHP, DBP and BBP are commonly and largely used PEs. They were identified as priority controlled pollutants and widely detected in human urine, blood and semen 6,34–36 . The mixture of three commonly and largely used PEs: BBP, DBP and DEHP was used in this study to simulate people exposing to the complexes of PEs.…”