Occurrence and reductions of pharmaceuticals and personal care products and estrogens by municipal wastewater treatment plants in Ontario, Canada

Lishman, Lori; Smyth, Shirley Anne; Sarafin, Kurtis; Kleywegt, Sonya; Toito, J.; Peart, Thomas E.; Lee, Bill; Servos, Mark R.; Béland, Michel; Seto, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.03.021

Cited by 488 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Without advanced wastewater treatment, PPCP concentrations within the MAC and CLO wastewaters are some of the highest reported for municipal sewage (Lishman et al, 2006;Meador et al, 2016). Seasonal patterns, due to flow volume dilution changes, in PPCP wastewater concentrations were only significant for naproxen at MAC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Municipal Wastewater and the Marine Receiving Environment Near Victoria Canada

2017

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Concerns over the fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP) within the environment have been growing with the advent of more precise analytical methods. The discharge of municipal wastewater has been identified as a significant source of these contaminants, particularly where wastewater treatment is minimal. Here we present results from a comprehensive monitoring regime located around Victoria, BC, Canada. Samples were collected between 2009 and 2016 from a variety of sources including marine water, sediment and biota adjacent to two major untreated sewage outfalls, as well as the sewage itself. PPCP concentrations within the untreated sewage were high, and the sediment surrounding the outfalls showed corresponding contamination. However, this contamination dropped quickly with distance from the outfall such that by 800 m distance most PPCPs were below detection limits. Tissue samples of resident Northern Horse mussels (Modiolus modiolus) collected adjacent to one of the major sewage outfalls showed high single sample concentrations of the antimicrobial triclosan (317 ng g −1 dry weight), the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (176 ng g −1 dry weight), as well as the antidepressant sertraline (84.1 ng g −1 dry weight). Reference stations from around the region showed very low concentrations of contamination with almost all PPCP concentrations being below detection limits. Within the sewage, concentrations were largely stable overtime, with the exception of triclosan and triclocarban which both showed declines over the study period.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Municipal Wastewater and the Marine Receiving Environment Near Victoria Canada

2017

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“…Over the last 10 years, the occurrence of PPCPs and natural estrogens in wastewater and surface water has been widely reported and extensively reviewed (e.g., Halling-Sorensen et al 1998;Daughton and Ternes 1999;Heberer 2002;Jones et al 2005;Alder et al 2006;Lishman et al 2006;Khetan and Collins 2007). Most of the studies showing the ubiquitous occurrence of PPCPs in the environment have been conducted in Western Europe and in North America, but very little is known about the situation in Eastern Europe.…”

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confidence: 99%

Environmental exposure of pharmaceuticals and musk fragrances in the Somes River before and after upgrading the municipal wastewater treatment plant Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Moldovan

Chira²,

Alder

2008

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Background, aim, and scope Pharmaceutically active substances are a class of emerging contaminants, which has led to increasing concern about potential environmental risks. After excretion, substantial amounts of unchanged pharmaceuticals and their metabolites are discharged into domestic wastewaters. The absence of data on the environmental exposure in Eastern Europe is significant, since use patterns and volumes differ from country to country. In Romania, the majority of wastewater, from highly populated cities and industrial complex zones, is still discharged into surface waters without proper treatment or after inefficient treatment. In respect to this, it is important to determine the environmental occurrence and behavior of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in wastewaters and surface waters. The objective of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of selected PPCPs during the transport in the Somes River by mass flow analysis before and after upgrading a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Cluj-Napoca, which serves 350,000 inhabitants and is the largest plant discharging into the Somes River. The concentrations of PPCPs at Cluj-Napoca can be correlated with the high population and a high number of hospitals located in the catchment area leading to higher mass flows. The results of this study are expected to provide information, with respect to the Romanian conditions, for environmental scientists, WWTP operators, and legal authorities. The data should support the improvement of existing WWTPs and implementation of new ones where necessary and, therefore, minimize the input of contaminants into ambient waters. Materials and methods The PPCPs were selected on the basis of consumption at the regional scale, reported aquatic toxicity, and the suitability of the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method for the determination of the compounds at trace levels. The studied PPCPs, caffeine (stimulant), carbamazepine (antiepileptic), pentoxifylline (anticoagulant), cyclophosphamide (cytostatic), ibuprofen (analgesic), and galaxolide (musk fragrance), were determined in samples of the Somes River. The analytes were enriched by solid-phase extraction and subsequently determined by GC/MS. Caffeine, pentoxifylline, and galaxolide were determined underivatized, whereas the acidic pharmaceuticals carbamazepine, cyclophosphamide, and ibuprofen were determined after derivatization with N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide. Results and discussion The concentrations in the Somes River varied from below 10 ng/L up to 10 μg/L. A substantial decrease of the exposure in the Somes River could be observed due to the upgrade of the municipal WWTP in Cluj-Napoca. The loads in the river stretch between Cluj-Napoca and Dej (Somes Mic) varied strongly:Environ Sci Pollut Res (2009) 16 (Suppl 1):S46-S54

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“…However, the conjugated estrogens are vulnerable in aerobic activated sludge and end up as free estrogens after de-conjugation [62]. The de-conjugation behavior is also observed for pharmaceuticals, resulting in negative removal efficiencies [63,64]. However, deconjugation reactions happen with different reaction rates.…”

Section: Transformation Products (Metabolites) Formed By Human Metabomentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted and non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric workflows for identification of transformation products of emerging pollutants in the aquatic environment

Bletsou

Jeon

Hollender

et al. 2015

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

282

184

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A B S T R A C TIdentification of transformation products (TPs) of emerging pollutants is challenging, due to the vast number of compounds, mostly unknown, the complexity of the matrices and their often low concentrations, requiring highly selective, highly sensitive techniques. We compile background information on biotic and abiotic formation of TPs and analytical developments over the past five years. We present a database of biotic or abiotic TPs compiled from those identified in recent years. We discuss mass spectrometric (MS) techniques and workflows for target, suspect and non-target screening of TPs with emphasis on liquid chromatography coupled to MS (LC-MS). Both low-and high-resolution (HR) mass analyzers have been applied, but HR-MS is the technique of choice, due to its high confirmatory capabilities, derived from the high resolving power and the mass accuracy in MS and MS/MS modes, and the sophisticated software developed.

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Occurrence and reductions of pharmaceuticals and personal care products and estrogens by municipal wastewater treatment plants in Ontario, Canada

Cited by 488 publications

References 26 publications

Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Municipal Wastewater and the Marine Receiving Environment Near Victoria Canada

Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Municipal Wastewater and the Marine Receiving Environment Near Victoria Canada

Environmental exposure of pharmaceuticals and musk fragrances in the Somes River before and after upgrading the municipal wastewater treatment plant Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Targeted and non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric workflows for identification of transformation products of emerging pollutants in the aquatic environment

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