Occurrence and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in urban karst groundwater systems based on targeted resistome analysis

Kaiser, Rachel; Polk, Jason; Datta, Tania; Keely, Scott P.; Brinkman, Nichole E.; Parekh, Rohan R.; Agga, Getahun E.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162571

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In the current study, we detected Salmonella from all sites, regardless of feature types, in the longitudinal Bowling Green, KY, sampling, albeit at varying proportions, suggesting the widespread, but intermittent, occurrence of Salmonella throughout the year in the study area. In karst landscapes, the groundwater can be easily contaminated by surface pollution and widely spread due to highly interconnected aquifer systems (Kaiser et al., 2023; Kaiser et al., 2022; Stange & Tiehm, 2020). The groundwater system is an important contributor to drinking water sources via outlet springs feeding into surface streams.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spatial analysis incorporating the land use information was beyond the scope of this study. Land use types of the sampling sites (Kaiser et al., 2023; Kaiser et al., 2022) and microbial source tracking (Kaiser et al., 2023) were previously described. Variations in Salmonella prevalence by sampling site, aquifer type, week, month, and season provide important information for targeted monitoring of drinking water sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a metagenomic DNA analysis of the same water samples, Kaiser et al. (2022) demonstrated that ARGs conferring resistance to these antimicrobial classes were common. Furthermore, tetracycline and sulfonamide resistance genes were among the most common genes detected from the metagenomes of water samples collected from karst spring (Stange & Tiehm, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, a cross‐sectional study was conducted in Tampa, FL, to determine the prevalence of Salmonella groundwater and groundwater‐fed surface water contamination involving more sampling sites. A more detailed description of the study areas, sampling sites, and sample collection can be found in previous publications (Kaiser et al., 2023; Kaiser et al., 2022). Briefly, Bowling Green is located in Warren County in south–central Kentucky; it is the third largest city in the state, with a population of 74,363.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water samples were filtered through two 0.45 μm membrane filters (Advantec MFS, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) as described (Kaiser et al., 2023; Kaiser et al., 2022). Each sample was filtered until the filters were saturated, thus normalizing the amount of the solid material retained and cultured for all samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and whole‐genome sequencing characterization of Salmonella in urban karst groundwater and predominantly groundwater‐fed surface waters for serotypes and antimicrobial resistance

et al. 2023

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Karst aquifers provide a significant source of drinking water around the world; however, they are prone to bacterial contamination. We investigated the prevalence, serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) of Salmonella in urban karst groundwater and groundwater‐fed surface waters. Weekly water samples (n = 443) were collected from nine groundwater sites and the Barren River in Bowling Green, KY. Additionally, cross‐sectional samples were collected from 45 sites, including groundwaters and two rivers, in Tampa, FL. Salmonella was detected in 14.5% of Bowling Green samples resulting in 176 isolates representing 18 serotypes. Two (4.4%) of the Tampa samples were positive yielding eight isolates representing two serotypes. In Bowling Green, Salmonella prevalence varied by sampling site, week, month, and season, with the highest prevalence in surface water in the month of November and during summer. Salmonella Newport was the most common serotype detected. Nine of the serotypes detected in the study were among the top 20 serotypes commonly associated with human infections in the United States. Isolates were clustered with human clinical isolates, or isolates obtained from food animals, suggesting the importance of humans and agricultural practices as a source of water contamination. ARGs were detected in 12.5% (n = 176) of the Bowling Green isolates; overall, 81.8% (n = 22) of these were multidrug‐resistant (resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes). Notably, the four Salmonella Agona isolates were resistant to four antimicrobial classes, mercury, and quaternary ammonium compounds. Seasonality and the widespread occurrence of Salmonella both in the groundwater and groundwater‐fed surface waters is a potential risk to public health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%