Occurrence and Predictors of Spasticity after First-ever Stroke: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Aim and objective: To review recent studies on occurrence and predictors of post-stroke spasticity (PSS) after first-ever stroke. Materials and methods: A systematic search of online databases including PubMed, Elsevier, and Springer was performed for literature describing occurrences and predictors of PSS. These data were collected and analyzed. Results: Nine studies on prevalence including approximately 7,756 participants and 6 studies on predictors of PSS with approximately 755 patients were analyzed. The prevalence of PSS was 7-42% in a maximum 18-month post-stroke follow-up and increased muscle tone, greater severity of paresis, sensory impairment, and low Barthel Index score were predictors of PSS. Conclusion: Under 65 years of age, patients are more prone to developing PSS, mainly in upper limbs at one year. For the determination of PSS prevalence, multiple parameters of spasticity measurement with biomechanical factors are to be needed. Early advanced rehabilitation, with background knowledge of predictors of PSS, the functional ability can be improved to achieve better outcomes and quality of life.