Occurrence and phylogenetic significance of cytokinesis-related callose in green algae, bryophytes, ferns and seed plants

Scherp, Peter; Grotha, Rüdiger; Kutschera, U.

doi:10.1007/s002990000301

Cited by 75 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Similar patterns were observed from gsl8-1 and gsl8-2 mutants. Bars = 20 mm in A to D and I, 30 mm in E to H, and 10 mm in J to M. green algae to land plants, accumulate callose during cell division (Scherp et al, 2001). At least some callose deposition at the cell plate is not wound induced, since rapidly frozen cells assayed using callose-specific antibodies show an increase in staining during cell plate development (Samuels et al, 1995).…”

Section: Gsl8 Is Critical For Cytokinesis In the Gsl Gene Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arabidopsis Callose Synthase Gene GSL8 Is Required for Cytokinesis and Cell Patterning

et al. 2009

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Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm and its separation into two daughter cells. Cell plate growth and cytokinesis appear to require callose, but direct functional evidence is still lacking. To determine the role of callose and its synthesis during cytokinesis, we identified and characterized mutants in many members of the GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE (GSL; or CALLOSE SYNTHASE) gene family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Most gsl mutants (gsl1-gsl7, gsl9, gsl11, and gsl12) exhibited roughly normal seedling growth and development. However, mutations in GSL8, which were previously reported to be gametophytic lethal, were found to produce seedlings with pleiotropic defects during embryogenesis and early vegetative growth. We found cell wall stubs, two nuclei in one cell, and other defects in cell division in homozygous gsl8 insertional alleles. In addition, gsl8 mutants and inducible RNA interference lines of GSL8 showed reduced callose deposition at cell plates and/or new cell walls. Together, these data show that the GSL8 gene encodes a putative callose synthase required for cytokinesis and seedling maturation. In addition, gsl8 mutants disrupt cellular and tissue-level patterning, as shown by the presence of clusters of stomata in direct contact and by islands of excessive cell proliferation in the developing epidermis. Thus, GSL8 is required for patterning as well as cytokinesis during Arabidopsis development.

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Section: Gsl8 Is Critical For Cytokinesis In the Gsl Gene Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arabidopsis Callose Synthase Gene GSL8 Is Required for Cytokinesis and Cell Patterning

et al. 2009

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“…Growth decreases similarly in both species as temperature is lowered. These similarities probably occur because charophytes are the closest relatives of the algal progenitors of terrestrial plants (Chapman 1985;Graham 1985;Niklas 1992;Scherp et al 2001). Note, however, that the terrestrial plants grow 5-20 times faster than Chara when P and T are favourable (cf.…”

Section: New Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell wall biosynthesis and the molecular mechanism of plant enlargement

Boyer¹

2009

Functional Plant Biol.

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Abstract.Recently discovered reactions allow the green alga Chara corallina (Klien ex. Willd., em. R.D.W.) to grow well without the benefit of xyloglucan or rhamnogalactan II in its cell wall. Growth rates are controlled by polygalacturonic acid (pectate) bound with calcium in the primary wall, and the reactions remove calcium from these bonds when new pectate is supplied. The removal appears to occur preferentially in bonds distorted by wall tension produced by the turgor pressure (P). The loss of calcium accelerates irreversible wall extension if P is above a critical level. The new pectate (now calcium pectate) then binds to the wall and decelerates wall extension, depositing new wall material on and within the old wall. Together, these reactions create a non-enzymatic but stoichiometric link between wall growth and wall deposition. In green plants, pectate is one of the most conserved components of the primary wall, and it is therefore proposed that the acceleration-deceleration-wall deposition reactions are of wide occurrence likely to underlie growth in virtually all green plants. C. corallina is one of the closest relatives of the progenitors of terrestrial plants, and this review focuses on the pectate reactions and how they may fit existing theories of plant growth.

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“…The former characterises all extant bryophytes; endoscopic polarity occurs in most tracheophytes (Niklas 2008). The phyletic position of the bryophytes suggests that exoscopic embryogenesis is the ancestral condition (Scherp et al 2001).…”

Section: Evolution Of Plant Body Plansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolutionary development of plant body plans

Niklas

Kutschera

2009

Functional Plant Biol.

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Abstract. Evolutionary developmental biology, cladistic analyses, and paleontological insights make it increasingly clear that regulatory mechanisms operating during embryogenesis and early maturation tend to be highly conserved over great evolutionary time scales, which can account for the conservative nature of the body plans in the major plant and animal clades. At issue is whether morphological convergences in body plans among evolutionarily divergent lineages are the result of adaptive convergence or 'genome recall' and 'process orthology'. The body plans of multicellular photosynthetic eukaryotes ('plants') are reviewed, some of their important developmental/physiological regulatory mechanisms discussed, and the evidence that some of these mechanisms are phyletically ancient examined. We conclude that endosymbiotic lateral gene transfers, gene duplication and functional divergence, and the co-option of ancient gene networks were key to the evolutionary divergence of plant lineages.

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Occurrence and phylogenetic significance of cytokinesis-related callose in green algae, bryophytes, ferns and seed plants

Cited by 75 publications

References 11 publications

The Arabidopsis Callose Synthase Gene GSL8 Is Required for Cytokinesis and Cell Patterning

The Arabidopsis Callose Synthase Gene GSL8 Is Required for Cytokinesis and Cell Patterning

Cell wall biosynthesis and the molecular mechanism of plant enlargement

The evolutionary development of plant body plans

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