Occurrence and pathogenicity of<i>Puccinia triticina</i>on wheat in South Africa during 2007

Terefe, T.; Paul, I.; Mebalo, J.; Naicker, K.; Meyer, L. D.

doi:10.1080/02571862.2009.10639933

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…This study found considerable differences in pathotype prevalence of leaf rust when compared with the findings of previous studies ( Figure 5) (Terefe et al, 2009). However, as pathotype prevalence is mostly a function of where pathotypes were collected, the size of the study and the focus of the study (previous studies had excluded triticale and only sampled rust from wheat cultivars), this is not particularly significant.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

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Molecular and genetic study of wheat rusts

Le¹,

N²,

Botes³

et al. 2013

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Puccinia triticina, Puccinia graminis and Puccinia striiformis cause leaf, stem and yellow rust, respectively. Wheat rusts can cause losses as high as 70%. The rusts ability to evolve fungicide resistance has resulted in the use of resistant cultivars as the primary method of control. Breeding resistant cultivars is a long process and requires an accurate picture of the current and future pathogen population. Differentiation of wheat rust pathotypes using conventional plant pathology techniques is time consuming, labour intensive and requires the services of a highly skilled and experienced plant pathologist. Modern molecular biology techniques have the potential to aid the conventional techniques and provide fast, accurate same-day results. Microsatellite markers were used to differentiate P. triticina and P. striiformis pathotypes. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) were used to differentiate stem rust P. graminis pathotypes. Phylogenetic trees were created for leaf and stem rust pathotypes. Field isolates of leaf, stem and yellow rust were collected from eleven sites across the Western Cape Province. Microsatellite markers were used to type leaf and yellow rust isolates. AFLP markers could not be used on field isolates due to the presence of plant DNA. Novel alleles found in the Leaf and yellow rusts isolates prevented the assigning of a specific pathotype to each isolate. UVPrt10 (25.2%) and UVPrt9 (21.5%) were the most prevalent leaf rust pathotypes. Only 6E16A+ was identified in the yellow rust isolates. Pathotype incidence was similar to previous studies. The prevalence of multiple pathotypes with a variety of virulence genes in the rust population shows that breeding lines with single major resistance genes will not be effective and breeding programmes should concentrate on lines that exhibit quantitative resistance.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Individual AFLP markers, specific to each pathotype, could be sequenced and specific primers designed allowing the analysis of field isolates. Our inability to type field isolates of stem rust meant that we could draw no comparisons with the findings of Terefe et al (2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and genetic study of wheat rusts

Le¹,

N²,

Botes³

et al. 2013

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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“…In South Africa, race PDR (avirulent to Lr15, but virulent to Lr14a and Lr20) was the most frequent among five identified races (Terefe et al 2009). Virulences to the adult plant resistance genes Lr22a, Lr34, Lr35 and Lr37 were absent, but races virulent to Lr12 and Lr13 are known (Bender et al 1997).…”

Section: South Africamentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Recently, however, low infection levels have been observed in farmers' fields due to lower inoculum levels resulting from fungicide applications to control stripe rust, host resistance, and a non-conducive environment (Terefe et al 2009). Leaf rust resistance is one of the main objectives of wheat breeding programs in South Africa.…”

Section: Yield Lossesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Global status of wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina

et al. 2011

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Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina is the most common and widely distributed of the three wheat rusts. Losses from leaf rust are usually less damaging than those from stem rust and stripe rust, but leaf rust causes greater annual losses due to its more frequent and widespread occurrence. Yield losses from leaf rust are mostly due to reductions in kernel weight. Many laboratories worldwide conduct leaf rust surveys and virulence analyses. Most currently important races (pathotypes) have either evolved through mutations in existing populations or migrated from other, often unknown, areas. Several leaf rust resistance genes are cataloged, and high levels of slow rusting adult plant resistance are available in high yielding CIMMYT wheats. This paper summarizes the importance of leaf rust in the main wheat production areas as reflected by yield losses, the complexity of virulence variation in pathogen populations, the role cultivars with racespecific resistance play in pathogen evolution, and the control measures currently practiced in various regions of the world.

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“…Information on effective Sr and Lr genes and the epidemiology of these diseases became available (Le Roux & Rijkenberg 1987a,b;Le Roux, 1989;Pretorius et al, 1990;Boshoff et al 2002c;Terefe et al, 2009) and resultant culture collections provided important inoculum for greenhouse and field testing. The release of the stem rust resistant cultivar Palmiet (Sr2+Sr24) in 1985 (Table 1) was instrumental in significantly reducing stem rust inoculum and subsequent epidemics in South Africa.…”

Section: Wheat Rustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the context and scope of wheat (Triticum aestivum) research in South Africa from 1983 to 2008

Smit¹,

Tolmay²,

Barnard³

et al. 2010

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

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The domestic requirement for wheat in South Africa is approximately 2.8 million tons and annually the shortfall on local production is imported to meet the demand. During the past 25 years two distinct wheat marketing mechanisms characterised the wheat industry, impacting significantly on both research and industry. In 1996 the single channel marketing system through the Wheat Board made way for a liberal marketing environment in which market forces of supply and demand determine price. This refocused most research activities on factors to lower input costs and risks, while increasing the profitability of wheat production. Significant challenges were experienced with much stricter milling and baking quality requirements impacting on not only the development of adapted wheat cultivars for South African conditions, but also on fertiliser and cultivar recommendations, as well as production practices. Minimum tillage, preharvest sprouting, as well as the threat of Russian wheat aphid and stripe rust were some of the pertinent challenges faced during this time. Significant scientific breakthroughs of international importance were made with regard to the physiological and biochemical nature of insect resistance and plant defence as well as the transfer of resistance genes from alien species. This review provides an overview of the most pertinent wheat research undertaken from 1983 to 2008.

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Occurrence and pathogenicity ofPuccinia triticinaon wheat in South Africa during 2007

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Molecular and genetic study of wheat rusts

Molecular and genetic study of wheat rusts

Global status of wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina

An overview of the context and scope of wheat (Triticum aestivum) research in South Africa from 1983 to 2008

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