Occurrence and Origins of Cerium Dioxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in the Loire River (France) by Single Particle ICP-MS and FEG-SEM Imaging

Phalyvong, Karine; Sivry, Yann; Pauwels, Hélène; Gélabert, Alexandre; Tharaud, Mickaël; Wille, Guillaume; Bourrat, Xavier; Benedetti, Marc F.

doi:10.3389/fenvs.2020.00141

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…These results only partially reflect the reports documenting industrial REEs in river waters from various locations. Industrial Ce (from the Loire river in Orleans and in the form of CeO 2 nanoparticles) has only been reported very recently ( Phalyvong et al., 2020 ). Industrial Gd, however, has been observed in river water, lake water, coastal water, ground water and drinking water (selected references are provided in the introduction) and the presence of Sm in river water (Rhine) has only been reported in one study ( Kulaksız and Bau, 2013 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantification of individual Rare Earth Elements from industrial sources in sewage sludge

et al. 2021

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Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are used in increasing amounts in technical applications and consumer products. However, to date, the contribution of industrial sources to the loads of individual REEs in wastewater streams have not been quantified. Here, we determine the REE contents in sludge collected from 63 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across Switzerland. To quantify the industrial fraction of individual REEs in the sewage sludge, we develop two complementary approaches, based on REE ratios and REE pattern fitting. Unspecific (background) inputs, with REE patterns similar to the averaged REE pattern of soils collected across Switzerland, dominate the REE budget of most WWTPs. A few WWTPs receive significant REE inputs from specific industrial sources. Based on population equivalents of Switzerland, we estimate a total annual load of 4200 kg Cerium (Ce, 0.5 g Ce year -1 capita -1 ), with an industrial contribution of 2000 kg year -1 . The latter agrees with estimates of probabilistic mass flow models for engineered nanoscale CeO 2 particles discharged to the sewer network. About 7 kg year -1 of Samarium (Sm,total for Switzerland: 184 kg year -1 or 0.02 g Sm year -1 capita -1 ) and 3 kg year -1 of Europium (Eu,total for Switzerland: 44 kg year -1 or 0.005 g Eu year -1 capita -1 ) are assigned to industrial inputs from single WWTPs. Gadolinium (Gd) is used in the form of a stable complex as contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging. Assuming 10% removal of Gd during wastewater treatment, we calculate an annual discharge of 90 kg of Gd from one individual WWTP to surface waters. WWTPs with exceptionally high industrial inputs of specific REEs warrant detailed investigations to identify the respective sources and to assess whether REE concentrations in effluents are elevated to the same degree.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cerium: Compared to Gd, which occurs as a complex and thus shows a poor removal during the wastewater treatment, industrial Ce is expected to be present in the (nano) particulate phase, as suggested by Gogos et al. (2020) and Phalyvong et al. (2020) , and is thus removed much more efficiently during wastewater treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of individual Rare Earth Elements from industrial sources in sewage sludge

et al. 2021

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“…Titanium speciation experiments of aerosol samples have employed microscopic techniques including scanning/transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/TEM–EDX), electron probe microanalysis, and Raman microscopy. ,,− Single-particle inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry has been recently employed to determine the chemical compositions of single aerosol particles. − However, these techniques identify the elemental mixing state rather than the specific chemical species of each element. Therefore, identifying Ti species in aerosol particles is difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First X-ray Spectroscopic Observations of Atmospheric Titanium Species: Size Dependence and the Emission Source

Takahashi

Takano

Matsuki

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) in mineral dust is considered as one of the driving forces of photocatalytic reaction at the aerosol surface in the atmosphere. As a precursor of mineral dust, soil contains ilmenite (FeTiO 3 ) and titanite (CaSiTiO 5 ), which have lower photochemical reactivities than TiO 2 . However, Ti species other than TiO 2 in aerosol particles are not well recognized due to the lack of observation in ambient samples. In this study, Ti species in size-fractionated aerosol samples collected in the Noto Peninsula, Japan, were determined by macroscopic and semi-microscopic X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. Regardless of aerosol particle size, Ti species were primarily composed of rutile, anatase, ilmenite, and titanite. Semi-microscopic Ti speciation showed that Ti-poor spots associated with mineral dust were composed of a mixture of rutile, anatase, ilmenite, and titanite, and Ti-rich spots were primarily composed of TiO 2 (rutile or anatase) derived from authigenic minerals or anthropogenic materials. Thus, the Ti species in aerosol particles, especially mineral dust, were not composed solely of TiO 2 polymorphs. Therefore, the photochemical reactivities of Ti in aerosol particles may be overestimated when laboratory experiments or model studies employ TiO 2 as the representative Ti species.

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“…5). Nonetheless, since V has been previously used as a marker for natural TiO 2 , 30–32 we included it in this study in addition to Nb for information. It has to be noted that the differences in total concentrations, colloidal content, and heterogeneity between the fours samples are high (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of anthropogenic TiO₂ nanoparticles in soils and sediments combining size fractionation and trace element ratio

Philippe

Bazoobandi

Goeppert

2022

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Occurrence and Origins of Cerium Dioxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in the Loire River (France) by Single Particle ICP-MS and FEG-SEM Imaging

Cited by 20 publications

References 58 publications

Quantification of individual Rare Earth Elements from industrial sources in sewage sludge

Quantification of individual Rare Earth Elements from industrial sources in sewage sludge

First X-ray Spectroscopic Observations of Atmospheric Titanium Species: Size Dependence and the Emission Source

Quantification of anthropogenic TiO₂ nanoparticles in soils and sediments combining size fractionation and trace element ratio

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Occurrence and Origins of Cerium Dioxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in the Loire River (France) by Single Particle ICP-MS and FEG-SEM Imaging

Cited by 20 publications

References 58 publications

Quantification of individual Rare Earth Elements from industrial sources in sewage sludge

Quantification of individual Rare Earth Elements from industrial sources in sewage sludge

First X-ray Spectroscopic Observations of Atmospheric Titanium Species: Size Dependence and the Emission Source

Quantification of anthropogenic TiO2 nanoparticles in soils and sediments combining size fractionation and trace element ratio

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Quantification of anthropogenic TiO₂ nanoparticles in soils and sediments combining size fractionation and trace element ratio