Occurrence and mobility of the insecticide permethrin in rivers in the Southern Humber catchment, UK

House, William A.; Long, J.L.A.; Rae, J. E.; Parker, Andrew; Orr, D.R.

doi:10.1002/1526-4998(200007)56:7<597::aid-ps181>3.0.co;2-c

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Surface bed‐sediment was collected from the River Calder (Humber catchment) in the North‐East of England at Methley Bridge (NGR SE409258) in May 2000. This was a contaminated site that had been studied previously 14. Sediments from a depth <5 cm were gathered using a stainless steel scoop, sieved on‐site (2‐mm stainless steel) and transported in 10‐litre plastic cylinders to the laboratory, where the overlying water was continuously aerated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport and distribution of lindane and simazine in a riverine environment: measurements in bed sediments and modelling

Allan

House

Parker

et al. 2004

Pest Management Science

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Aquatic sediments often remove hydrophobic contaminants from fresh waters. The subsequent distribution and concentration of contaminants in bed sediments determines their effect on benthic organisms and the risk of re-entry into the water and/or leaching to groundwater. This study examines the transport of simazine and lindane in aquatic bed sediments with the aim of understanding the processes that determine their depth distribution. Experiments in flume channels (water flow of 10 cm s(-1)) determined the persistence of the compounds in the absence of sediment with (a) de-ionised water and (b) a solution that had been in contact with river sediment. In further experiments with river bed sediments in light and dark conditions, measurements were made of the concentration of the compounds in the overlying water and the development of bacterial/algal biofilms and bioturbation activity. At the end of the experiments, concentrations in sediments and associated pore waters were determined in sections of the sediment at 1 mm resolution down to 5 mm and then at 10 mm resolution to 50 mm depth and these distributions analysed using a sorption-diffusion-degradation model. The fine resolution in the depth profile permitted the detection of a maximum in the concentration of the compounds in the pore water near the surface, whereas concentrations in the sediment increased to a maximum at the surface itself. Experimental distribution coefficients determined from the pore water and sediment concentrations indicated a gradient with depth that was partly explained by an increase in organic matter content and specific surface area of the solids near the interface. The modelling showed that degradation of lindane within the sediment was necessary to explain the concentration profiles, with the optimum agreement between the measured and theoretical profiles obtained with differential degradation in the oxic and anoxic zones. The compounds penetrated to a depth of 40-50 mm over a period of 42 days.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport and distribution of lindane and simazine in a riverine environment: measurements in bed sediments and modelling

Allan

House

Parker

et al. 2004

Pest Management Science

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“…House et al (1991) were able to detect the pyrethroids cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and permethrin (trans isomer) at levels up to 2.7, 37.5, and 18 μg/kg, respectively, in sediments of ditches, streams, and drainage channels in the southern UK (Table 1). Another study focusing on suspended particles reported considerable levels of dieldrin, DDT, and parathion‐ethyl (House et al, 1992), while more recent papers from this group have reported permethrin in sediment cores (Daniels et al, 2000) or concentrated on other insecticide sources, such as the textile industry (House et al, 2000). An extensive study of pesticide transport was conducted at the Agricultural Development and Advisory Service (ADAS) farm at Rosemaund, UK between 1990 and 1992.…”

Section: Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Field Studies on Exposure, Effects, and Risk Mitigation of Aquatic Nonpoint‐Source Insecticide Pollution: A Review

Schulz¹

2004

J of Env Quality

335

260

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Recently, much attention has been focused on insecticides as a group of chemicals combining high toxicity to invertebrates and fishes with low application rates, which complicates detection in the field. Assessment of these chemicals is greatly facilitated by the description and understanding of exposure, resulting biological effects, and risk mitigation strategies in natural surface waters under field conditions due to normal farming practice. More than 60 reports of insecticide-compound detection in surface waters due to agricultural nonpoint-source pollution have been published in the open literature during the past 20 years, about one-third of them having been undertaken in the past 3.5 years. Recent reports tend to concentrate on specific routes of pesticide entry, such as runoff, but there are very few studies on spray drift-borne contamination. Reported aqueous-phase insecticide concentrations are negatively correlated with the catchment size and all concentrations of > 10 microg/L (19 out of 133) were found in smaller-scale catchments (< 100 km2). Field studies on effects of insecticide contamination often lack appropriate exposure characterization. About 15 of the 42 effect studies reviewed here revealed a clear relationship between quantified, non-experimental exposure and observed effects in situ, on abundance, drift, community structure, or dynamics. Azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, and endosulfan were frequently detected at levels above those reported to reveal effects in the field; however, knowledge about effects of insecticides in the field is still sparse. Following a short overview of various risk mitigation or best management practices, constructed wetlands and vegetated ditches are described as a risk mitigation strategy that have only recently been established for agricultural insecticides. Although only 11 studies are available, the results in terms of pesticide retention and toxicity reduction are very promising. Based on the reviewed literature, recommendations are made for future research activities.

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“…Because a major interest resides in the study of a system identified as being in contact with permethrin (14), surface bed-sediment was collected from the River Calder (Humber catchment) in the Northeast of England at Methley Bridge (NGR SE409258) in May 2000. Sediments from a depth <5 cm were gathered from the riverbed using a stainless steel scoop.…”

Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flow over the sediment was chosen to be low enough to avoid suspension of sediment and to permit only diffusive transport, with minimal advective flow at the sediment-water interface (SWI). The movement of MOCs exclusively through diffusion in pore waters (PWs) is influenced by the following: (i) sorption to sediment particles/colloids and their components, for example, natural organic matter (OM) and clay; (ii) sorption to, and metabolism at the SWI by algal and bacterial biofilm (13); (iii) degradation through biotic/abiotic processes (12,14); and (iv) bioturbation by bottom-dwelling macroorganisms, for example, oligochaete worms, through physical mixing. These processes may be incorporated in models to predict the distribution, persistence, and movement of MOCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion of the Synthetic Pyrethroid Permethrin into Bed-Sediments

Allan

House

Parker

et al. 2004

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Bed-sediments are a sink for many micro-organic contaminants in aquatic environments. The impact of toxic contaminants on benthic fauna often depends on their spatial distribution, and the fate of the parent compounds and their metabolites. The distribution of a synthetic pyrethroid, permethrin, a compound known to be toxic to aquatic invertebrates, was studied using river bed-sediments in lotic flume channels. trans/cis-Permethrin diagnostic ratios were used to quantify the photoisomerization of the trans isomer in water. Rates were affected by the presence of sediment particles and colloids when compared to distilled water alone. Two experiments in dark/light conditions with replicate channels were undertaken using natural sediment, previously contaminated with permethrin, to examine the effect of the growth of an algal biofilm at the sediment-water interface on diffusive fluxes of permethrin into the sediment. After 42 days, the bulk water was removed, allowing a fine sectioning of the sediment bed (i.e., every mm down to 5 mm and then 5-10 mm, then every 10 mm down to 50 mm). Permethrin was detected in all cases down to a depth of 5-10 mm, in agreement with estimates by the Millington and Quirk model, and measurements of concentrations in pore water produced a distribution coefficient (Kd) for each section. High Kd's were observed for the top layers, mainly as a result of high organic matter and specific surface area. Concentrations in the algal biofilm measured at the end of the experiment under light conditions, and increases in concentration in the top 1 mm of the sediment, demonstrated that algal/ bacterial biofilm material was responsible for high Kd's at the sediment surface, and for the retardation of permethrin diffusion. This specific partition of permethrin to fine sediment particles and algae may enhance its threat to benthic invertebrates. In addition,the analysis of trans/cis-permethrin isomer ratios in sediment showed greater losses of trans-permethrin in the experiment under light conditions, which may have also resulted from enhanced biological activity at the sediment surface.

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Occurrence and mobility of the insecticide permethrin in rivers in the Southern Humber catchment, UK

Cited by 26 publications

References 25 publications

Transport and distribution of lindane and simazine in a riverine environment: measurements in bed sediments and modelling

Transport and distribution of lindane and simazine in a riverine environment: measurements in bed sediments and modelling

Field Studies on Exposure, Effects, and Risk Mitigation of Aquatic Nonpoint‐Source Insecticide Pollution: A Review

Diffusion of the Synthetic Pyrethroid Permethrin into Bed-Sediments

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