“…For example, owners who feed additional snacks or feed their dog once per day rather than twice or more per day are more likely to have an obese dog than those who do not (Burkholder & Toll, 2000;Kienzle, Bergler, & Mandernach, 1998;Sloth, 1992). Owners who provide infrequent or low-intensity forms of exercise for their dogs are more likely to have obese dogs than those who exercise their dogs more frequently or more vigorously (Crane, 1991;Markwell, Butterwick, Wills, & Raiha, 1991;Robertson, 2003).…”